【归档】Prove that the set of continuous real-valued functions on the interval [0, 1] is a subspace...

Note: 旧的wordpress博客弃用，于是将以前的笔记搬运回来。

---

Prove that the set of continuous real-valued functions on the interval [0, 1] is a subspace of $R^{[0,1]}$

Note Before Proof: 证明一个集合是另外一个集合的子空间，只要证明这个集合具有加法单位元0、加法封闭性、标量乘法封闭性即可。
Prove:
Let V = {$f|f:[0,1]\to R$ such that f is continuous}.
Part 1, additive identity（加法单位元）:
Take $f_0=0(\forall x\in [0,1])$. Clearly $f_0$ is continuous and $f_0\in V$.
Part 2, closed under addition（加法封闭性）:
Take $f,g\in V$.
For each $ϵ>0$ and for each $x\in [0,1]$ there exists a $\delta >0$. Such that if $|x_1-x_2|<\delta$, then $|f(x_1)-f(x_2)|<\frac{ϵ}{2}$, and $|g(x_1)-g(x_2)|<\frac{ϵ}{2}$.
Since $f+g=(f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)$, we have
$\begin{array}{rl}& |(f+g)(x_1)-(f+g)(x_2)|\\ =& |[f(x_1)-f(x_2)]+[g(x_1)-g(x_2)]|\\ \le & |[f(x_1)-f(x_2)]|+|[g(x_1)-g(x_2)]|\\ <& ϵ.\end{array}$
i.e. $f+g$ is continuous at all $x\in [0,1]$.
Therefor, $f+g\in V$.
Part 3, closed under scalar multiplication（标量乘法封闭性）:
Take $f\in V$, and $a\in R$.
Assume a= 0, then
$(af)(x)=a\cdot f(x)=0,x\in [0,1]$.
Clearly, $af$ is a continuous real-valued function on the interval [0, 1].
Assume $a\ne 0$, for each $ϵ>0$ and for each $x\in [0,1]$, there exists a $\delta >0$ such that if
$|x_1-x_2|<\delta$,
then
$|f(x_1)-f(x_2)|<\frac{ϵ}{a}$.
Now we have
$|(af)(x_1)-(af)(x_2)|=|a[f(x_1)-f(x_2)]|=|a|\cdot |f(x_1)-f(x_2)|<ϵ$.
Therefor, $af\in V$.
Thus V is a subspace of $R^{[0,1]}$.