普通函数与函数模板调用规则
规则
- 函数模板可以像普通函数一样被重载
- C++编译器优先考虑普通函数
- 如果函数模板可以产生一个更好的匹配,则选择模板
- 可以通过空模板实参列表的语法限定编译器只通过模板匹配
实例
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
void fun(T& a, T& b) {
cout << "a" << a << "-b: " << b << endl;
cout << "我是模板函数" << endl;
}
void fun(int a, char b) {
cout << "a" << a << "-b: " << b << endl;
cout << "我是函数调用" << endl;
}
int main() {
int a = 1;
char b = 'z';
fun(a, b);
fun(b, a);
fun(a, a);
return 0;
}
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int Max(int a, int b) {
cout << "int Max(int a,int b)" << endl;
return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename T>
T Max(T a, T b) {
cout << "T Max(T a,T b)" << endl;
return a > b ? a : b;
}
template<typename T>
T Max(T a, T b,T c) {
cout << "T Max(T a,T b,T c)" << endl;
return Max(Max(a, b), c);
}
int main() {
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
cout << Max(a, b) << endl;
cout << Max<>(a, b) << endl;
cout << Max(3.0, 4.0) << endl;
cout << Max(5.0, 6.0, 7.0) << endl;
cout << Max('a', 100) << endl;
return 0;
}