nand_flash

以at91_nand.c为例，分析在块设备驱动中，nand_flash 的读写过程：

1.分配nand_chip结构体

2.设置nand_chip

3.添加分区

从init开始分析：

static int __init at91_nand_init(void)
{
	return platform_driver_register(&at91_nand_driver);
}

static struct platform_driver at91_nand_driver = {
	.probe		= at91_nand_probe,
	.remove		= at91_nand_remove,
	.driver		= {
		.name	= "at91_nand",
		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
	},
};

static int __init at91_nand_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	struct at91_nand_host *host;
	struct mtd_info *mtd;
	struct nand_chip *nand_chip;       //分配nand_chip结构体
	.......
   nand_chip = &host->nand_chip;
	host->board = pdev->dev.platform_data;

	nand_chip->priv = host;		/* link the private data structures */
	mtd->priv = nand_chip;
	mtd->owner = THIS_MODULE;

	/* Set address of NAND IO lines */
	nand_chip->IO_ADDR_R = host->io_base;
	nand_chip->IO_ADDR_W = host->io_base;
	nand_chip->cmd_ctrl = at91_nand_cmd_ctrl;
	nand_chip->dev_ready = at91_nand_device_ready;
	nand_chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;	/* enable ECC */
	nand_chip->chip_delay = 20;		/* 20us command delay time */
    .........
     nand_scan(mtd, 1)    //扫描设备，根据nand的信息设置mtd_info结构体   
    .........
     parse_mtd_partitions(mtd, part_probes, &partitions, 0);
    .........
    res = add_mtd_partitions(mtd, partitions, num_partitions);
#else
	res = add_mtd_device(mtd);      //添加分区

    

 对于nand_scan函数：

int nand_scan(struct mtd_info *mtd, int maxchips)
{
	int ret;

	/* Many callers got this wrong, so check for it for a while... */
	if (!mtd->owner && caller_is_module()) {
		printk(KERN_CRIT "nand_scan() called with NULL mtd->owner!\n");
		BUG();
	}

	ret = nand_scan_ident(mtd, maxchips);
	if (!ret)
		ret = nand_scan_tail(mtd);
	return ret;
}

nand_scan_ident函数主要就是nand类型就行分析，获取厂家以及设备ID，得到flash的大小等信息。

nand_scan_tail函数主要就是根据nand 的信息对mtd_infp结构体进行设置

对于add_mtd_device：将上面设置的mtd_info添加到mtd-table中

int add_mtd_device(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
	int i;

	BUG_ON(mtd->writesize == 0);
	mutex_lock(&mtd_table_mutex);

	for (i=0; i < MAX_MTD_DEVICES; i++)
		if (!mtd_table[i]) {
			struct list_head *this;

			mtd_table[i] = mtd;
			mtd->index = i;
			mtd->usecount = 0;

		    .............

			DEBUG(0, "mtd: Giving out device %d to %s\n",i, mtd->name);
		
			list_for_each(this, &mtd_notifiers) {
				struct mtd_notifier *not = list_entry(this, struct mtd_notifier, list);
				not->add(mtd);    //对链表进行遍历，每个mtd_notifiers调用add函数
			}

			mutex_unlock(&mtd_table_mutex);
			__module_get(THIS_MODULE);
			return 0;
		}

	mutex_unlock(&mtd_table_mutex);
	return 1;
}

mtd_notifiers是在register_mtd_user函数中被初始化的

void register_mtd_user (struct mtd_notifier *new)
{
	int i;

	mutex_lock(&mtd_table_mutex);

	list_add(&new->list, &mtd_notifiers);

 	__module_get(THIS_MODULE);

	for (i=0; i< MAX_MTD_DEVICES; i++)
		if (mtd_table[i])
			new->add(mtd_table[i]);

	mutex_unlock(&mtd_table_mutex);
}

而register_mtd_user 是被谁调用的了?--->被mtdchar.c以及mtd_blkdevs.c调用，前者注册一个字符设备，后者注册一个块设备。

重点分析mtd_blkdevs.c

int register_mtd_blktrans(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr)
{
   ........
  register_mtd_user(&blktrans_notifier);
    .............

}

static struct mtd_notifier blktrans_notifier = {
	.add = blktrans_notify_add,
	.remove = blktrans_notify_remove,
};


static void blktrans_notify_add(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
	struct list_head *this;

	if (mtd->type == MTD_ABSENT)
		return;

	list_for_each(this, &blktrans_majors) {
		struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr = list_entry(this, struct mtd_blktrans_ops, list);

		tr->add_mtd(tr, mtd);    //链表的遍历，对于每个blktrans_majors调用add_mtd函数
	}

}

对于blktrans_majors是在register_mtd_blktrans函数中初始化的

int register_mtd_blktrans(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr)
{
   .......

    	list_add(&tr->list, &blktrans_majors);
   .........
}

register_mtd_blktrans函数被谁调用的？--->被mtdblock.c调用

static struct mtd_blktrans_ops mtdblock_tr = {
	.name		= "mtdblock",
	.major		= 31,
	.part_bits	= 0,
	.blksize 	= 512,
	.open		= mtdblock_open,
	.flush		= mtdblock_flush,
	.release	= mtdblock_release,
	.readsect	= mtdblock_readsect,
	.writesect	= mtdblock_writesect,
	.add_mtd	= mtdblock_add_mtd,
	.remove_dev	= mtdblock_remove_dev,
	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
};

static int __init init_mtdblock(void)
{
	return register_mtd_blktrans(&mtdblock_tr);
}

static void mtdblock_add_mtd(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr, struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
	struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);

	if (!dev)
		return;

	dev->mtd = mtd;
	dev->devnum = mtd->index;

	dev->size = mtd->size >> 9;
	dev->tr = tr;

	if (!(mtd->flags & MTD_WRITEABLE))
		dev->readonly = 1;

	add_mtd_blktrans_dev(dev);   //此函数实现了块设备注册的流程：
                                 // 1.分配gendisk结构体 2.设置 3.add_disk
}

int add_mtd_blktrans_dev(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *new)
{
	........
    gd = alloc_disk(1 << tr->part_bits);

    gd->major = tr->major;
	gd->first_minor = (new->devnum) << tr->part_bits;
	gd->fops = &mtd_blktrans_ops;
	set_capacity(gd, (new->size * tr->blksize) >> 9);

	gd->private_data = new;
	new->blkcore_priv = gd;
	gd->queue = tr->blkcore_priv->rq;

   
	add_disk(gd);
}
 
//tr->blkcore_priv->rq = blk_init_queue(mtd_blktrans_request, &tr->blkcore_priv->queue_lock);

对于request的响应函数mtd_blktrans_request

static void mtd_blktrans_request(struct request_queue *rq)
{
	struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr = rq->queuedata;
	wake_up_process(tr->blkcore_priv->thread);
}


//	tr->blkcore_priv->thread = kthread_run(mtd_blktrans_thread, tr,"%sd", tr->name);

static int mtd_blktrans_thread(void *arg)
{
	struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr = arg;
	struct request_queue *rq = tr->blkcore_priv->rq;

	/* we might get involved when memory gets low, so use PF_MEMALLOC */
	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC | PF_NOFREEZE;

	spin_lock_irq(rq->queue_lock);
	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
		struct request *req;
		struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev;
		int res = 0;

		req = elv_next_request(rq);   //获取队列第一个未完成的请求

		if (!req) {                          //如果队列为空，则休眠，否则do_blktrans_request
			set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
			spin_unlock_irq(rq->queue_lock);
			schedule();
			spin_lock_irq(rq->queue_lock);
			continue;
		}

		dev = req->rq_disk->private_data;
		tr = dev->tr;

		spin_unlock_irq(rq->queue_lock);

		mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
		res = do_blktrans_request(tr, dev, req);
		mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);

		spin_lock_irq(rq->queue_lock);

		end_request(req, res);
	}
	spin_unlock_irq(rq->queue_lock);

	return 0;
}

static int do_blktrans_request(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr,
			       struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev,
			       struct request *req)
{
	unsigned long block, nsect;
	char *buf;

	block = req->sector << 9 >> tr->blkshift;
	nsect = req->current_nr_sectors << 9 >> tr->blkshift;

	buf = req->buffer;

	if (!blk_fs_request(req))
		return 0;

	if (req->sector + req->current_nr_sectors > get_capacity(req->rq_disk))
		return 0;

	switch(rq_data_dir(req)) {
	case READ:
		for (; nsect > 0; nsect--, block++, buf += tr->blksize)
			if (tr->readsect(dev, block, buf))
				return 0;
		return 1;

	case WRITE:
		if (!tr->writesect)      //读函数
			return 0;

		for (; nsect > 0; nsect--, block++, buf += tr->blksize)
			if (tr->writesect(dev, block, buf))      //写函数
				return 0;
		return 1;

	default:
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "Unknown request %u\n", rq_data_dir(req));
		return 0;
	}
}

对于readsect以及writesect，在mtdblock.c中调用register_mtd_blktrans时，注册了static struct mtd_blktrans_ops mtdblock_tr结构体

static struct mtd_blktrans_ops mtdblock_tr = {
	.name		= "mtdblock",
	.major		= 31,
	.part_bits	= 0,
	.blksize 	= 512,
	.open		= mtdblock_open,
	.flush		= mtdblock_flush,
	.release	= mtdblock_release,
	.readsect	= mtdblock_readsect,
	.writesect	= mtdblock_writesect,
	.add_mtd	= mtdblock_add_mtd,
	.remove_dev	= mtdblock_remove_dev,
	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
};

static int mtdblock_writesect(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev,
			      unsigned long block, char *buf)
{
	struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk = mtdblks[dev->devnum];
	if (unlikely(!mtdblk->cache_data && mtdblk->cache_size)) {
		mtdblk->cache_data = vmalloc(mtdblk->mtd->erasesize);
		if (!mtdblk->cache_data)
			return -EINTR;
		/* -EINTR is not really correct, but it is the best match
		 * documented in man 2 write for all cases.  We could also
		 * return -EAGAIN sometimes, but why bother?
		 */
	}
	return do_cached_write(mtdblk, block<<9, 512, buf);
}

static int do_cached_write (struct mtdblk_dev *mtdblk, unsigned long pos,
			    int len, const char *buf)
{
	struct mtd_info *mtd = mtdblk->mtd;
	unsigned int sect_size = mtdblk->cache_size;
	size_t retlen;
	int ret;

	DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2, "mtdblock: write on \"%s\" at 0x%lx, size 0x%x\n",
		mtd->name, pos, len);

	if (!sect_size)
		return mtd->write(mtd, pos, len, &retlen, buf);

	while (len > 0) {
		unsigned long sect_start = (pos/sect_size)*sect_size;
		unsigned int offset = pos - sect_start;
		unsigned int size = sect_size - offset;
		if( size > len )
			size = len;

		if (size == sect_size) {
			/*
			 * We are covering a whole sector.  Thus there is no
			 * need to bother with the cache while it may still be
			 * useful for other partial writes.
			 */
			ret = erase_write (mtd, pos, size, buf);
			if (ret)
				return ret;
		} else {
			/* Partial sector: need to use the cache */

			if (mtdblk->cache_state == STATE_DIRTY &&
			    mtdblk->cache_offset != sect_start) {
				ret = write_cached_data(mtdblk);
				if (ret)
					return ret;
			}

			if (mtdblk->cache_state == STATE_EMPTY ||
			    mtdblk->cache_offset != sect_start) {
				/* fill the cache with the current sector */
				mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_EMPTY;
				ret = mtd->read(mtd, sect_start, sect_size,
						&retlen, mtdblk->cache_data);
				if (ret)
					return ret;
				if (retlen != sect_size)
					return -EIO;

				mtdblk->cache_offset = sect_start;
				mtdblk->cache_size = sect_size;
				mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_CLEAN;
			}

			/* write data to our local cache */
			memcpy (mtdblk->cache_data + offset, buf, size);
			mtdblk->cache_state = STATE_DIRTY;
		}

		buf += size;
		pos += size;
		len -= size;
	}

	return 0;