C++ Primer Plus 第六版 第六章练习答案

1. if else循环；

2. ？：条件运算符；

3. switch语句；

4. break、continue循环；

5. 提高读取的鲁棒性；

6. 文件输入与输出。

---

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


//practice 6.1
#include <cctype>
void p6_1(void) {
	char ch;
	while ((ch = cin.get()) != '@') {	//没读到的部分会留在内存里
		if (isdigit(ch))
			continue;
		else if (islower(ch))
			cout << char(toupper(ch));
		else if (isupper(ch))
			cout << char(tolower(ch));
		else if (ch=='\n')				//为了展示好看
			cout << endl;
	}
	return;
}


//practice 6.2
#include <array>
void p6_2(void) {
	array<double, 10> arr = { 0 };		//这步初始化可有可无，最好写上
	int index = 0, larger = 0;
	double total = 0;
	cout << "Please enter ten values, and Non-digital to exit: " << endl;
	while (index<10 && (cin >> arr[index])) {	//由于arr是double型，若输入的不是数字，(cin >> arr[index])为False
		total += arr[index];
		index++;
	}
	double avg = total / index;
	for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
		if (arr[i] > avg)
			larger++;
	cout << "The average value is " << avg << ", and there are " 
		<< larger << " values larger than agerage!" << endl;
	return;
}


//practice 6.3
#include <iomanip>
void display() {
	cout << "Please enter one of the following choices: " << endl;
	cout.flags(ios::left);
	cout << setw(20) << "c) carnivore" << "p) pianist" << endl;
	cout << setw(20) << "t) tree" << "g) game" << endl;
}
void p6_3(void){
	char ch;
	display();
	while (cin >> ch){
		cin.get();				//清空内存残余
		switch (ch){
		case 'c':
			cout << "Tyrannosaurus rex is a carnivore." << endl;
			display();
			break;
		case 'p':
			cout << "Langlang is a pianist." << endl;
			display();
			break;
		case 't':
			cout << "A maple is a tree." << endl;
			display();
			break;
		case 'g':
			cout << "Dota2 is a game." << endl;
			display();
			break;
		default:
			cout << "Please enter a c, p, t or g: ";
			break;
		}
	}
}


//practice 6.4
#include <iomanip>
const int strsize = 20;
const int Arr_size = 5;
struct bop{
	char fullname[strsize];     // real name
	char title[strsize];        // job title
	char bopname[strsize];      // secret BOP name
	int preference;             // 0 = fullname, 1 = title, 2 = bopname
};
void p6_4(void) {
	char choice;
	const bop bopArray[Arr_size] = {
		{"Wimp Macho", "n", "n", 0},
		{"Raki Rhodes", "Junior Programmer", "n", 1},
		{"Celia Laiter", "n", "MIPS", 2},
		{"Hoppy Hipman", "Analyst Trainee", "n", 1},
		{"Pat Hand", "n", "LOOPY", 2} };
	cout << "Benevolent Order of Proframers Report" << endl;
	cout.flags(ios::left);
	cout << setw(30) << "a. display by name" << "b. display by title" << endl;
	cout << setw(30) << "c. display by bopname" << "d. display by preference" << endl;
	cout << left << setw(30) << "q. quit" << endl;			//flags两种写法
	cout << "Enter your choice:";

	while (cin >> choice && choice!='q') {
		cin.get();							//清空内存残余
		switch (choice) {
		case 'a':
			for (int i = 0; i < Arr_size; i++)
				cout << bopArray[i].fullname << endl;
			break;
		case 'b':
			for (int i = 0; i < Arr_size; i++)
				cout << bopArray[i].title << endl;
			break;
		case 'c':
			for (int i = 0; i < Arr_size; i++)
				cout << bopArray[i].bopname << endl;
			break;
		case 'd':
			for (int i = 0; i < Arr_size; i++) {
				switch (bopArray[i].preference) {
				case 0:
					cout << bopArray[i].fullname << endl;
					break;
				case 1:
					cout << bopArray[i].title << endl;
					break;
				case 2:
					cout << bopArray[i].bopname << endl;
					break;
				}
			}
			break;
		default:
			cout << "Please enter a a, b, c, d, q: ";
			break;
		}
		cout << "Next choice:";
	}
	cout << "Bye!" << endl;
}


// practice 6.5
const double rate1 = 0.1;
const double rate2 = 0.15;
const double rate3 = 0.2;
void p6_5(void){
	double income = 0.0, tax = 0.0;

	cout << "Please enter your income:";
	while ((cin >> income) && (income > 0)){
		if (income <= 5000)
			tax = 0.0;
		else if (5000 < income && income <= 15000)
			tax = (income - 5000) * rate1;
		else if (15000 < income && income <= 35000)
			tax = (15000 - 5000) * rate1 + (income - 15000) * rate2;
		else
			tax = (15000 - 5000) * rate1 + (35000 - 15000) * rate2 + (income - 35000) * rate3;
		cout << "Your income = " << income << ", tax = " << tax << endl;
	}
	return;
}


// practice 6.6
#include<string>
struct Info{
	string name;
	double payment;
};
void p6_6(void) {
	int number = 0, tmp = 0;
	cout << "Enter the number of contributors:";
	cin >> number;
	cin.get();
	Info* contributors = new Info[number];
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
		cout << "Enter the name of the number " << i + 1 << " contributor: ";
		getline(cin, contributors[i].name);
		cout << "Enter the donation: ";
		cin >> contributors[i].payment;
		cin.get();
	}
	cout << "Grand Pators:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (contributors[i].payment > 10000){
			cout << "Name: " << contributors[i].name << endl;
			cout << "Amount: " << contributors[i].payment << endl;
			tmp++;
		}
	if (tmp==0)
		cout << "none" << endl;
	tmp = 0;
	cout << "Pators:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (contributors[i].payment <= 10000) {
			cout << "Name: " << contributors[i].name << endl;
			cout << "Amount: " << contributors[i].payment << endl;
			tmp++;
		}
	if (tmp == 0)
		cout << "none" << endl;
	delete[] contributors;
	return;
}


// practice 6.7
#include <iomanip>
#include<cctype>
void p6_7(void){
	string input;
	int vowels = 0, consonants = 0, others = 0;

	cout << "Enter words (q to quit): " << endl;
	while (cin >> input && input != "q"){
		if (isalpha(input[0])){
			if (input[0] == 'a' || input[0] == 'o' || input[0] == 'e' || input[0] == 'i' || input[0] == 'u')
				vowels++;
			else
				consonants++;
		}
		else
			others++;
	}
	cout << vowels << " words beginning with vowels" << endl;
	cout << consonants << " words beginning with consonants" << endl;
	cout << others << " otners" << endl;
	return;
}


// practice 6.8
#include<fstream>
void p6_8(void){
	string FileName;
	ifstream File;
	unsigned int num = 0;
	char ch;

	cout << "Enter the file name:";
	getline(cin, FileName);
	File.open(FileName);
	while ((ch = File.get()) != EOF)
		if (ch != '\n')			//之前这句写的是if ((ch = File.get()) != '\n')，目的是为了不计算回车这个键
			num++;				//上面那句就是一个易错点，因为这样会一次性读取两个字符。
	cout << "There are " << num << " characters in " << FileName << " file." << endl;
}


// practice 6.9
// 结构体结构如6.6所示
void p6_9(void){
	int number = 0, tmp = 0;
	string FileName;
	ifstream File;

	cout << "Enter the file name:";
	getline(cin, FileName);
	File.open(FileName);
	File >> number;
	File.get();

	Info* contributors = new Info[number];
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
		getline(File, contributors[i].name);
		File >> contributors[i].payment;
		File.get();
	}
	cout << "Grand Pators:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (contributors[i].payment > 10000) {
			cout << "Name: " << contributors[i].name << endl;
			cout << "Amount: " << contributors[i].payment << endl;
			tmp++;
		}
	if (tmp == 0)
		cout << "none" << endl;
	tmp = 0;
	cout << "Pators:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (contributors[i].payment <= 10000) {
			cout << "Name: " << contributors[i].name << endl;
			cout << "Amount: " << contributors[i].payment << endl;
			tmp++;
		}
	if (tmp == 0)
		cout << "none" << endl;
	delete[] contributors;
	return;
}


int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	cout << "=====================================\n"
		<< "============  Chapter6:  ============\n"
		<< "=====================================\n\n";
	cout << "==>> Practice 6_1:\n";
	p6_1();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_2:\n";
	p6_2();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_3:\n";
	p6_3();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_4:\n";
	p6_4();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_5:\n";
	p6_5();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_6:\n";
	p6_6();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_7:\n";
	p6_7();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_8:\n";
	p6_8();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 6_9:\n";
	p6_9();
	cout << endl;
}