不定积分公式
一、记忆部分
- ∫ tan x d x = − ln ∣ cos x ∣ + C \int{\tan x}dx = -\ln |\cos x|+C ∫tanxdx=−ln∣cosx∣+C
- ∫ cot x d x = ln ∣ sin x ∣ + C \int \cot xdx = \ln |\sin x|+C ∫cotxdx=ln∣sinx∣+C
- ∫ sec x d x = ∫ 1 cos x d x = ln ∣ 1 + sin x cos x ∣ + C \int \sec x dx =\int \frac{1}{\cos x}dx= \ln | \frac{1+\sin x}{\cos x}|+C ∫secxdx=∫cosx1dx=ln∣cosx1+sinx∣+C
- ∫ csc x d x = ∫ 1 sin x d x = ln ∣ 1 − cos x sin x ∣ + C \int \csc xdx = \int \frac{1}{\sin x}dx = \ln |\frac{1-\cos x}{ \sin x}|+C ∫cscxdx=∫sinx1dx=ln∣sinx1−cosx∣+C
- ∫ s e c 2 x d x = ∫ 1 cos 2 x d x = tan x + C \int sec^2xdx = \int \frac{1}{\cos ^2x}dx = \tan x +C ∫sec2xdx=∫cos2x1dx=tanx+C
- ∫ c s c 2 d x = ∫ 1 sin 2 x d x = − cot x + C \int csc^2dx = \int \frac{1}{\sin^2x}dx = -\cot x+C ∫csc2dx=∫sin2x1dx=−cotx+C
二、三角函数代换求二次积分
- ∫ d x a 2 − x 2 = arcsin x a + C \int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}} = \arcsin \frac{x}{a}+C ∫a2−x2dx=arcsinax+C
∫ d x a 2 − x 2 x = a sin t ‾ ‾ ∫ d a sin t a 2 − a 2 sin 2 t = ∫ 1 d t = t + C t = arcsin x a ‾ ‾ arcsin x + C \int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{a^2-x^2}}\,\underline{\underline{x =a\sin t}}\,\int\frac{d\,a\sin t}{\sqrt{a^2-a^2\sin^2t}} = \int 1\,dt = t+C \,\,\,\,\underline{\underline{t = \arcsin \frac{x}{a}}}\,\,\,\,\arcsin x+C ∫a2−x2dxx=asint∫a2−a2sin2tdasint=∫1dt=t+Ct=arcsinaxarcsinx+C
- ∫ d x a 2 + x 2 = 1 a arctan x a + C \int\frac{dx}{a^2+x^2} = \frac{1}{a}\arctan\frac{x}{a}+C ∫a2+x2dx=a1arctanax+C
∫ d x a 2 + x 2 x = a tan t ‾ ‾ ∫ d a tan t a 2 + a 2 tan 2 t = ∫ a sec 2 t d t a 2 sec 2 t = t a + C t = arctan x a ‾ ‾ 1 a arctan x a + C \int\frac{dx}{a^2+x^2}\,\underline{\underline{x =a\tan t}}\,\int\frac{d\,a\tan t}{a^2+a^2\tan^2t} = \int\frac{a\sec^2tdt}{a^2\sec^2t} = \frac {t}{a}+C \,\,\,\,\underline{\underline{t = \arctan \frac{x}{a}}}\,\,\,\, \frac{1}{a}\arctan \frac{x}{a}+C ∫a
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