RabbitMQ 入门教程(C#)

介绍

RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，实现了 AMQP 0-9-1 标准。它能够接收、存储并且转发消息数据。

安装与配置

1. 安装 RabbitMQ

Ubuntu/Debian:

```bash

sudo apt update

sudo apt install rabbitmq-server

```

CentOS/RHEL:

```bash

sudo yum install epel-release

sudo yum install rabbitmq-server

```

2. 启动服务

```bash

sudo service rabbitmq-server start

```

3. 配置管理插件

```bash

sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

```

4. 访问管理界面

- 打开浏览器访问: http://localhost:15672/

- 默认用户名密码均为 `guest`

Python 客户端安装

```bash

pip install pika

```

Hello World 示例

发送者 (sender.py)

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

routing_key='hello',

body='Hello World!')

print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

connection.close()

```

接收者 (receiver.py)

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_consume(queue='hello',

on_message_callback=callback,

auto_ack=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.start_consuming()

```

工作队列

发送者 (work_sender.py)

```python

import pika

import sys

import random

import time

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "Hello World!"

delay = random.randint(1, 5)

time.sleep(delay)

channel.basic_publish(

exchange='',

routing_key='task_queue',

body=message,

properties=pika.BasicProperties(

delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent

))

print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

connection.close()

```

接收者 (work_receiver.py)

```python

import pika

import time

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] Received %r" % body.decode())

time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))

print(" [x] Done")

ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(queue='task_queue', on_message_callback=callback)

channel.start_consuming()

```

发布/订阅模式

发布者 (pubsub_publisher.py)

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

connection.close()

```

订阅者 (pubsub_subscriber.py)

```python

import pika

import sys

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

路由模式

发布者 (routing_publisher.py)

```python

import pika

import sys

severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')

channel.basic_publish(

exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))

connection.close()

```

订阅者 (routing_subscriber.py)

```python

import pika

import sys

severities = sys.argv[1:]

if not severities:

sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])

sys.exit(1)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

for severity in severities:

channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

主题模式

发布者 (topic_publisher.py)

```python

import pika

import sys

args = sys.argv[1:]

routing_key = args[0] if len(args) > 0 else 'anonymous.info'

message = ' '.join(args[1:]) or 'Hello World!'

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))

connection.close()

```

订阅者 (topic_subscriber.py)

```python

import pika

import sys

topics = sys.argv[1:]

if not topics:

sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [kern.*] [*.critical] [*.warnings]\n" % sys.argv[0])

sys.exit(1)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

for topic in topics:

channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=topic)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()