Python画图库Matplotlib教程（二）

首先定义头文件

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

scatter散点图

n = 1024

# 随机生成n个数
X = np.random.normal(0, 1, n)
Y = np.random.normal(0, 1, n)
T = np.arctan2(Y, X)

plt.scatter(X, Y, s=75, c=T, alpha=0.5)
#设置轴的范围
plt.xlim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)

plt.xticks(())  # ignore xticks
plt.yticks(())  # ignore yticks

plt.show()

bar柱状图

n = 12
# [0, 1, 2 …… n]
X = np.arange(n)
# 0.5 到 1 均匀分布
Y1 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)
Y2 = (1 - X / float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5, 1.0, n)

plt.xlim(-.5, n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)
plt.yticks(())

# 设置颜色
plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='black')
plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='black')

# 设置下标
for x, y in zip(X, Y1):
    # ha: horizontal alignment
    # va: vertical alignment
    plt.text(x, y + 0.05, '%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')

for x, y in zip(X, Y2):
    # ha: horizontal alignment
    # va: vertical alignment
    plt.text(x, -y - 0.05, '%.2f' % -y, ha='center', va='top')

plt.show()

contour等高线

def f(x,y):
    # the height function
    return (1 - x / 2 + x**5 + y**3) * np.exp(-x**2 -y**2)

n = 256
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, n)

# 定义网格
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

# 根据高度分区，分成8 + 2份 cmap(color map)hot暖色 cool冷色
plt.contourf(X, Y, f(X, Y), 8, alpha=0.75, cmap=plt.cm.cool)

# 画等高线
C = plt.contour(X, Y, f(X, Y), 8, colors='black', linewidths=.5)

# inline ： label在线中
plt.clabel(C, inline=True, fontsize=10)

plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

Image图片

# image data
a = np.array([0.313660827978, 0.365348418405, 0.423733120134,
              0.365348418405, 0.439599930621, 0.525083754405,
              0.423733120134, 0.525083754405, 0.651536351379]).reshape(3,3)

#interpolation 显示状态 camp 颜色
plt.imshow(a, interpolation='nearest', cmap='bone', origin='lower')
# 左方颜色条长度
plt.colorbar(shrink=0.9)

plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

3D数据

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
# X, Y value
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)
# height value
Z = np.sin(R)

# 3D图像 rstride cstride：行列跨度
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))

# 等高线
# zdir表示投影的平面，offset位置
ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-2, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
# 设z高度范围
ax.set_zlim(-2, 2)

plt.show()