python模块06 mock-2高级用法patch

2 Mock高级用法

        patch是Mock库提供的一种函数装饰器，可以创建模拟并将i传递给装饰函数

使用patch()需要明白2个主要的步骤：

• 确定使用的目标对象
• 什么方式使用patch()

python 提供3种方式进行使用patch()

• 装饰器修饰函数或类方法
• Context manager
• Manual start/stop

2.1 装饰器修饰

2.1.1 修饰函数

        面对一个数据来源与网络请求服务，且该服务还在开发阶段，不能直接进行测试，但返回结果的结构式清楚的，那么就要针对这个返回的函数进行Patch处理

模拟的函数： 

----tool.py----

def load_cheers():
    return "come on!!"

def create_cheers():
    result = load_cheers()
    return result

 进行Patch处理

import  unittest
from unittest import  mock
from tool import create_cheers

class GetCheerDataTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @mock.patch('tool.load_cheers')
    def test_get_cheer_data(self, mock_load):
        mock_load.return_value = "Hello"
        self.assertEqual(create_cheers(), "Hello")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

        Patch主要是为了修饰替换多重嵌套调用的类方法或者函数，可以制定为定义域内的任意函数方法

2.1.2 修饰类方法

模拟的类方法 

--------------shopping_cart.py
class Shopping(object):
    __product = {}
    __pay_state = ''

    def has_product(self, product_name:str) -> bool:
        if product_name in self.__product:
            return  True
        else:
            return False

    def addProduct(self, product_name:str, num:int) -> str:
        if self.has_product(product_name):
            self.__product[product_name] += num
            return  "add successfully"
        else:
            self.__product[product_name] = num
            return  "add successfully, and init it"

 进行Patch处理

import unittest
from shopping_cart import Shopping
from unittest import mock

class TestShoppingCase(unittest.TestCase):
    @mock.patch('shopping_cart.Shopping.addProduct')
    def test_addProduct(self, mock_load):
        mock_load.return_value = 'add successfully'
        self.assertEqual(Shopping.addProduct("apple"), 'add successfully')

2.2 Context manager

----total.py

def read(filename):
    """ read a text file and return a list of numbers """
    with open(filename) as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
        return [float(line.strip()) for line in lines]


def calculate_total(filename):
    """ return the sum of numbers in a text file """
    numbers = read(filename)
    return sum(numbers)

import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch
import total


class TestTotal(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_calculate_total(self):
    # patch total.read() function using as the mock_read object in a context manager
        with patch('total.read') as mock_read:
            #assign a list of numbers to the return_value property of the mock_read object:  
            mock_read.return_value = [1, 2, 3] 
            result = total.calculate_total('')
            self.assertEqual(result, 6)

2.3 Manual start/stop

import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch
import total


class TestTotal(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_calculate_total(self):
        # start patching  start a patch by calling patch() with a target is the read() function of the total module:
        patcher = patch('total.read')

        # create a mock object    create a mock object for the read() function:
        mock_read = patcher.start()

        # assign the return value
        mock_read.return_value = [1, 2, 3]

        # test the calculate_total  call the calculate_total() and test its result.
        result = total.calculate_total('')
        self.assertEqual(result, 6)

        # stop patching  stop patching by calling the stop() method of the patcher object:
        patcher.stop()