神经网络Torch学习
根据B站莫凡学习的，上课做的笔记
神经网络概念
人工神经网络通过正向反向传播来更新神经元从而形成更好的神经网络系统
神经网络是一种运算模型，有大量的节点和神经元以之间的联系，通过训练进行强化
结构：输入层，隐藏层（信息的加工处理就是个黑盒），输出层
如何训练？非常多的数据
如何学习错误的经验？通过对比预测答案和真实答案的差别，将该差别反向的传递过去，略微改变一点点
隐藏层里包含了很多的刺激函数，传递一个数据时只有部分的神经元被激活，被激活的神经元传递下去的信息是最重要的信息。也就是对输出结果最有价值的信息，如果预测结果错了就所有参数被调整，容易被激活的神经元将变得迟钝其他的将敏感起来
神经网络：梯度下降
神经网络属于优化问题中的梯度下降问题（大学中的求导求微分）
找到梯度躺平的点w,但是不是全局最优而是局部最优，但是神经网络可以让这个局部最优，相当优秀。
第一层叫作特征，加工后的特征叫作代表特征，代表特征再加工就看不懂了就是个黑盒
对比numpy和Torch
Torch在处理是时候都是对tensor进行处理，所以要进行tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data)的转换
import torch
import numpy as np
np_data = np.arange(6).reshape((2, 3))
torch_data = torch.from_numpy(np_data)
tensor2array = torch_data.numpy()
print(
'\nnumpy array:', np_data, # [[0 1 2], [3 4 5]]
'\ntorch tensor:', torch_data, # 0 1 2 \n 3 4 5 [torch.LongTensor of size 2x3]
'\ntensor to array:', tensor2array, # [[0 1 2], [3 4 5]]
)
# abs
data = [-1, -2, 1, 2]
tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data) # 32-bit floating point
print(
'\nabs',
'\nnumpy: ', np.abs(data), # [1 2 1 2]
'\ntorch: ', torch.abs(tensor) # [1 2 1 2]
)
# sin
print(
'\nsin',
'\nnumpy: ', np.sin(data), # [-0.84147098 -0.90929743 0.84147098 0.90929743]
'\ntorch: ', torch.sin(tensor) # [-0.8415 -0.9093 0.8415 0.9093]
)
# mean
print(
'\nmean',
'\nnumpy: ', np.mean(data), # 0.0
'\ntorch: ', torch.mean(tensor) # 0.0
)
# matrix multiplication矩阵运算
data = [[1,2], [3,4]]
tensor = torch.FloatTensor(data) # 32-bit floating point
# correct method
print(
'\nmatrix multiplication (matmul)',#矩阵的乘法
'\nnumpy: ', np.matmul(data, data), # [[7, 10], [15, 22]]
'\ntorch: ', torch.mm(tensor, tensor) # [[7, 10], [15, 22]]#方法名不同
)
# incorrect method
data = np.array(data)
print(
'\nmatrix multiplication (dot)',
'\nnumpy: ', data.dot(data), # [[7, 10], [15, 22]]
#'\ntorch: ', tensor.dot(tensor) # this will convert tensor to [1,2,3,4], you'll get 30.0
# 由于在pytorch0.3之后，tensor.dot()方法进行了更新，只能对1维的tensor进行点成运算。所以只要检查一下自己输入的tensor是否为1维即可，此外tensor.dot()方法不能进行广播。
)
variable变量
Torch用tensor进行计算的，神经网络中的参数都是以变量的形式，这些tensor是一个个鸡蛋（数据），把它们放到variable这个篮子里，篮子在提的时候从这个篮子到另一个篮子要通过variable会搭建一个计算的图纸，目的：误差反向传播requires_grad是设置要不要设计到误差反向传播的过程中去，如果为true就会计算节点里面的梯度
tensor不能反向传播的，variable可以
import torch
from torch.autograd import Variable
tensor = torch.FloatTensor([[1,2],[3,4]]) # build a tensor
variable = Variable(tensor, requires_grad=True) # build a variable, usually for compute gradients
#一般为requires_grad=False
print(tensor) # [torch.FloatTensor of size 2x2]
print(variable) # [torch.FloatTensor of size 2x2]
# 目前看起来一样
# 但是，变量是图的一部分，它是自动梯度的一部分。
t_out = torch.mean(tensor*tensor) # x^2
v_out = torch.mean(variable*variable) # x^2
print(t_out)
print(v_out) # 7.5
v_out.backward() # 反向传递函数
# v_out = 1/4 * sum(variable*variable)
# the gradients w.r.t the variable, d(v_out)/d(variable) = 1/4*2*variable = variable/2
print(variable.grad)
'''
0.5000 1.0000
1.5000 2.0000
'''
print(variable) # variable格式
"""
Variable containing:
1 2
3 4
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x2]
"""
print(variable.data) # tensor格式
"""
1 2
3 4
[torch.FloatTensor of size 2x2]
"""
print(variable.data.numpy()) # numpy 格式
"""
[[ 1. 2.]
[ 3. 4.]]
"""
激励函数
y=Wx(y是输出值，x输入值，W为参数) 这个是线性的
y=AF(Wx）这里AF()是激励函数，是一个掰弯利器，就是非线性方程。为relu,sigmod,tanh三兄弟
注意是要可以微分的，因为只有可以微分的函数才能反向传递过去。简单是时候随便用，复杂的时候会出现梯度爆炸，梯度消失的问题、卷积神经网络用relu，循环神经网络推荐使用relu和tanh
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#Torch的数据格式无法识别要用numpy包装一下
# fake data
x = torch.linspace(-5, 5, 200) #从-5到5的线段分为200个点
x = Variable(x)
x_np = x.data.numpy() # x.data为tensor格式 变为numpy
# following are popular activation functions
y_relu = torch.relu(x).data.numpy()#输入值为x,为画图要转换为numpy数据
y_sigmoid = torch.sigmoid(x).data.numpy()
y_tanh = torch.tanh(x).data.numpy()
y_softplus = F.softplus(x).data.numpy() # 是做概率图的不是线图
# y_softmax = torch.softmax(x, dim=0).data.numpy() softmax is a special kind of activation function, it is about probability
# plt to visualize these activation function
plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 6))
plt.subplot(221)
plt.plot(x_np, y_relu, c='red', label='relu')
plt.ylim((-1, 5))
plt.legend(loc='best')
plt.subplot(222)
plt.plot(x_np, y_sigmoid, c='red', label='sigmoid')
plt.ylim((-0.2, 1.2))
plt.legend(loc='best')
plt.subplot(223)
plt.plot(x_np, y_tanh, c='red', label='tanh')
plt.ylim((-1.2, 1.2))
plt.legend(loc='best')
plt.subplot(224)
plt.plot(x_np, y_softplus, c='red', label='softplus')
plt.ylim((-0.2, 6))
plt.legend(loc='best')
plt.savefig('./picture/activation.png')#保存图片
plt.show()
回归问题
torch只训练变量variable，所以需要转换
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
#Torch中数据是有维度的
x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, 100), dim=1) # unsqueeze将一维数据变为二维数据
y = x.pow(2) + 0.2*torch.rand(x.size()) # noisy y data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
# torch can only train on Variable, so convert them to Variable
# The code below is deprecated in Pytorch 0.4. Now, autograd directly supports tensors
# x, y = Variable(x), Variable(y)
# plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy())
# plt.show()
class Net(torch.nn.Module):#主模块
def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output):#最需要的功能
#搭建层需要的信息
super(Net, self).__init__()#继承net模块，以上为官方步骤
#自己的
self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) # hidden layer包含多少个输入多少个输出
self.predict = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) # output layer
def forward(self, x):#最需要的功能，这里才是真正搭建的过程，x为输入信息
#神经网络前向传递的过程
x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) # activation function for hidden layer
#用隐藏层加工输入信息或者这样理解输入x进入隐藏层输出神经元的个数，然后被激励函数激活
x = self.predict(x) # 输出层输出
return x
net = Net(n_feature=1, n_hidden=10, n_output=1) # 定义神经网络，输入层1个神经元10个，输出层1个
print(net) # net architecture
#优化神经网络 SGD(net.参数, 学习效率=0.2，因为太快反而不好)
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.2)
loss_func = torch.nn.MSELoss() # 均方差损失函数处理回归问题
plt.ion() #使得可以实时打印
#开始训练了
for t in range(200):
prediction = net(x) # input x and predict based on x
#loss_func(预测值, 真实值)
loss = loss_func(prediction, y) # must be (1. nn output, 2. target)
optimizer.zero_grad() # 使得梯度为0
loss.backward() # 反馈神经网络
optimizer.step() # 优化梯度
#下面是可视化的过程
if t % 5 == 0:#每五步打印过程
# plot and show learning process
plt.cla()
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy())
plt.plot(x.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5)
plt.text(0.5, 0, 'Loss=%.4f' % loss.data.numpy(), fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'})
plt.pause(0.1)
plt.ioff()
plt.show()
分类问题
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
# make fake data
n_data = torch.ones(100, 2)
x0 = torch.normal(2*n_data, 1) # class0 x data (tensor), shape=(100, 2)
y0 = torch.zeros(100) # class0 y data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
x1 = torch.normal(-2*n_data, 1) # class1 x data (tensor), shape=(100, 2)
y1 = torch.ones(100) # class1 y data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
x = torch.cat((x0, x1), 0).type(torch.FloatTensor) # shape (200, 2) FloatTensor = 32-bit floating
# x合并作为数据，32位浮点数
y = torch.cat((y0, y1), ).type(torch.LongTensor) # shape (200,) LongTensor = 64-bit integer
# y合并作为标签，64位浮点数
# The code below is deprecated in Pytorch 0.4. Now, autograd directly supports tensors
# x, y = Variable(x), Variable(y)
# plt.scatter(x.data.numpy()[:, 0], x.data.numpy()[:, 1], c=y.data.numpy(), s=100, lw=0, cmap='RdYlGn')
# plt.show()
class Net(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) # hidden layer
self.out = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) # output layer
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) # activation function for hidden layer
x = self.out(x)
return x
net = Net(n_feature=2, n_hidden=10, n_output=2) # define the network
print(net) # net architecture
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.02)
loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 损失函数为分类问题
plt.ion() # something about plotting
for t in range(100):
out = net(x) # input x and predict based on x
loss = loss_func(out, y) # must be (1. nn output, 2. target), the target label is NOT one-hotted
optimizer.zero_grad() # clear gradients for next train
loss.backward() # backpropagation, compute gradients
optimizer.step() # apply gradients
if t % 2 == 0:
# plot and show learning process
plt.cla()
prediction = torch.max(out, 1)[1]
pred_y = prediction.data.numpy()
target_y = y.data.numpy()
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy()[:, 0], x.data.numpy()[:, 1], c=pred_y, s=100, lw=0, cmap='RdYlGn')
accuracy = float((pred_y == target_y).astype(int).sum()) / float(target_y.size)
plt.text(1.5, -4, 'Accuracy=%.2f' % accuracy, fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'})
plt.pause(0.1)
plt.ioff()
plt.show()
搭建神经网络两种方法
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
#方法1
class Net(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_feature, n_hidden, n_output):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(n_feature, n_hidden) # hidden layer
self.predict = torch.nn.Linear(n_hidden, n_output) # output layer
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) # activation function for hidden layer
x = self.predict(x) # linear output
return x
net1 = Net(1, 10, 1)
#方法2 快捷
net2 = torch.nn.Sequential(#累加神经层就好了
torch.nn.Linear(1, 10),#隐藏层hidden
torch.nn.ReLU(),#隐藏层输出后进入激励函数
torch.nn.Linear(10, 1)#输出层predict
)
print(net1) # net1 architecture
"""
Net (
(hidden): Linear (1 -> 10)
(predict): Linear (10 -> 1)
)
"""
print(net2) # net2 architecture
"""
Sequential (
(0): Linear (1 -> 10)
(1): ReLU ()
(2): Linear (10 -> 1)
)
"
保持提取
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
# fake data
x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, 100), dim=1) # x data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
y = x.pow(2) + 0.2*torch.rand(x.size()) # noisy y data (tensor), shape=(100, 1)
# The code below is deprecated in Pytorch 0.4. Now, autograd directly supports tensors
# x, y = Variable(x, requires_grad=False), Variable(y, requires_grad=False)
def save():
# save net1
net1 = torch.nn.Sequential(
torch.nn.Linear(1, 10),
torch.nn.ReLU(),
torch.nn.Linear(10, 1)
)
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net1.parameters(), lr=0.5)
loss_func = torch.nn.MSELoss()
for t in range(100):
prediction = net1(x)
loss = loss_func(prediction, y)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# plot result
plt.figure(1, figsize=(10, 3))
plt.subplot(131)
plt.title('Net1')
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy())
plt.plot(x.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5)
# 这里就是保存
torch.save(net1, 'net.pkl') # 保存整个神经网络
torch.save(net1.state_dict(), 'net_params.pkl') # 只保存参数
def restore_net():
#提取神经网络
# restore entire net1 to net2
net2 = torch.load('net.pkl')
prediction = net2(x)
# plot result
plt.subplot(132)
plt.title('Net2')
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy())
plt.plot(x.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5)
def restore_params():
# restore only the parameters in net1 to net3
net3 = torch.nn.Sequential(
torch.nn.Linear(1, 10),
torch.nn.ReLU(),
torch.nn.Linear(10, 1)
)
# copy net1's parameters into net3
net3.load_state_dict(torch.load('net_params.pkl'))
prediction = net3(x)
# plot result
plt.subplot(133)
plt.title('Net3')
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy())
plt.plot(x.data.numpy(), prediction.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=5)
plt.show()
# save net1
save()
# restore entire net (may slow)
restore_net()
# restore only the net parameters
restore_params()
批训练
import torch
import torch.utils.data as Data
torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
BATCH_SIZE = 5#一小批5个
# BATCH_SIZE = 8
x = torch.linspace(1, 10, 10) # this is x data (torch tensor)
y = torch.linspace(10, 1, 10) # this is y data (torch tensor)
torch_dataset = Data.TensorDataset(x, y)#定义数据库 x为数据tensor y为算误差的tensor
loader = Data.DataLoader(
dataset=torch_dataset, # torch TensorDataset format
batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, # mini batch size
shuffle=True, # random shuffle for training 要不要打乱进行抽样？
num_workers=2, # subprocesses for loading data 进程
)
def show_batch():
for epoch in range(3): # 一次训练三次
for step, (batch_x, batch_y) in enumerate(loader): # for each training step
# train your data...
print('Epoch: ', epoch, '| Step: ', step, '| batch x: ',
batch_x.numpy(), '| batch y: ', batch_y.numpy())
if __name__ == '__main__':
show_batch()
加速训练
优化器
import torch
import torch.utils.data as Data
import torch.nn.functional as F
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
#参数设置
LR = 0.01
BATCH_SIZE = 32
EPOCH = 12
# fake dataset
x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, 1000), dim=1)
y = x.pow(2) + 0.1*torch.normal(torch.zeros(*x.size()))
# plot dataset
plt.scatter(x.numpy(), y.numpy())
plt.show()
# put dateset into torch dataset
torch_dataset = Data.TensorDataset(x, y)
loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset=torch_dataset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, num_workers=2,)
# default network
class Net(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.hidden = torch.nn.Linear(1, 20) # hidden layer
self.predict = torch.nn.Linear(20, 1) # output layer
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.hidden(x)) # activation function for hidden layer
x = self.predict(x) # linear output
return x
if __name__ == '__main__':
# different nets不同神经网络
net_SGD = Net()
net_Momentum = Net()
net_RMSprop = Net()
net_Adam = Net()
nets = [net_SGD, net_Momentum, net_RMSprop, net_Adam]
# different optimizers不同优化器
opt_SGD = torch.optim.SGD(net_SGD.parameters(), lr=LR)
opt_Momentum = torch.optim.SGD(net_Momentum.parameters(), lr=LR, momentum=0.8)
opt_RMSprop = torch.optim.RMSprop(net_RMSprop.parameters(), lr=LR, alpha=0.9)
opt_Adam = torch.optim.Adam(net_Adam.parameters(), lr=LR, betas=(0.9, 0.99))
optimizers = [opt_SGD, opt_Momentum, opt_RMSprop, opt_Adam]
loss_func = torch.nn.MSELoss()
losses_his = [[], [], [], []] # record loss记录上面四个的误差局限
# training
for epoch in range(EPOCH):
print('Epoch: ', epoch)
for step, (b_x, b_y) in enumerate(loader): # for each training step
for net, opt, l_his in zip(nets, optimizers, losses_his):
output = net(b_x) # get output for every net
loss = loss_func(output, b_y) # compute loss for every net
opt.zero_grad() # clear gradients for next train
loss.backward() # backpropagation, compute gradients
opt.step() # apply gradients
l_his.append(loss.data.numpy()) # loss recoder
labels = ['SGD', 'Momentum', 'RMSprop', 'Adam']
for i, l_his in enumerate(losses_his):
plt.plot(l_his, label=labels[i])
plt.legend(loc='best')
plt.xlabel('Steps')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.ylim((0, 0.2))
plt.show()
CNN卷积神经网络
输入图片。经过一次卷积层，然后再用池化方式处理卷积的信息，然后同样的处理，传入两层全连接的神经层，最后一个分类器
# library
# standard library
import os
# third-party library
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.utils.data as Data
import torchvision
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
# Hyper Parameters
EPOCH = 1 # train the training data n times, to save time, we just train 1 epoch
BATCH_SIZE = 50
LR = 0.001 # learning rate
DOWNLOAD_MNIST = True #下载好了设置为false ，没有下载好用true
# Mnist digits dataset
if not(os.path.exists('./mnist/')) or not os.listdir('./mnist/'):
# not mnist dir or mnist is empyt dir
DOWNLOAD_MNIST = True
train_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
root='./mnist/',
train=True, # this is training data
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # Converts a PIL.Image or numpy.ndarray to
# torch.FloatTensor of shape (C x H x W) and normalize in the range [0.0, 1.0]
download=DOWNLOAD_MNIST,
)
# plot one example
print(train_data.train_data.size()) # (60000, 28, 28)
print(train_data.train_labels.size()) # (60000)
plt.imshow(train_data.train_data[0].numpy(), cmap='gray')
plt.title('%i' % train_data.train_labels[0])
plt.show()
# Data Loader for easy mini-batch return in training, the image batch shape will be (50, 1, 28, 28)
train_loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset=train_data, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)
# pick 2000 samples to speed up testing
test_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root='./mnist/', train=False)
test_x = torch.unsqueeze(test_data.test_data, dim=1).type(torch.FloatTensor)[:2000]/255. # shape from (2000, 28, 28) to (2000, 1, 28, 28), value in range(0,1)
test_y = test_data.test_labels[:2000]
class CNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(CNN, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential( # input shape (1, 28, 28)
nn.Conv2d(
in_channels=1, # input height
out_channels=16, # n_filters
kernel_size=5, # filter size
stride=1, # filter movement/step
padding=2, # if want same width and length of this image after Conv2d, padding=(kernel_size-1)/2 if stride=1
), # output shape (16, 28, 28)
nn.ReLU(), # activation
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2), # choose max value in 2x2 area, output shape (16, 14, 14)
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential( # input shape (16, 14, 14)
nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5, 1, 2), # output shape (32, 14, 14)
nn.ReLU(), # activation
nn.MaxPool2d(2), # output shape (32, 7, 7)
)
self.out = nn.Linear(32 * 7 * 7, 10) # fully connected layer, output 10 classes
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = x.view(x.size(0), -1) # flatten the output of conv2 to (batch_size, 32 * 7 * 7)
output = self.out(x)
return output, x # return x for visualization
cnn = CNN()
print(cnn) # net architecture
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(cnn.parameters(), lr=LR) # optimize all cnn parameters
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # the target label is not one-hotted
# following function (plot_with_labels) is for visualization, can be ignored if not interested
from matplotlib import cm
try: from sklearn.manifold import TSNE; HAS_SK = True
except: HAS_SK = False; print('Please install sklearn for layer visualization')
def plot_with_labels(lowDWeights, labels):
plt.cla()
X, Y = lowDWeights[:, 0], lowDWeights[:, 1]
for x, y, s in zip(X, Y, labels):
c = cm.rainbow(int(255 * s / 9)); plt.text(x, y, s, backgroundcolor=c, fontsize=9)
plt.xlim(X.min(), X.max()); plt.ylim(Y.min(), Y.max()); plt.title('Visualize last layer'); plt.show(); plt.pause(0.01)
plt.ion()
# training and testing
for epoch in range(EPOCH):
for step, (b_x, b_y) in enumerate(train_loader): # gives batch data, normalize x when iterate train_loader
output = cnn(b_x)[0] # cnn output
loss = loss_func(output, b_y) # cross entropy loss
optimizer.zero_grad() # clear gradients for this training step
loss.backward() # backpropagation, compute gradients
optimizer.step() # apply gradients
if step % 50 == 0:
test_output, last_layer = cnn(test_x)
pred_y = torch.max(test_output, 1)[1].data.numpy()
accuracy = float((pred_y == test_y.data.numpy()).astype(int).sum()) / float(test_y.size(0))
print('Epoch: ', epoch, '| train loss: %.4f' % loss.data.numpy(), '| test accuracy: %.2f' % accuracy)
if HAS_SK:
# Visualization of trained flatten layer (T-SNE)
tsne = TSNE(perplexity=30, n_components=2, init='pca', n_iter=5000)
plot_only = 500
low_dim_embs = tsne.fit_transform(last_layer.data.numpy()[:plot_only, :])
labels = test_y.numpy()[:plot_only]
plot_with_labels(low_dim_embs, labels)
plt.ioff()
# print 10 predictions from test data
test_output, _ = cnn(test_x[:10])
pred_y = torch.max(test_output, 1)[1].data.numpy()
print(pred_y, 'prediction number')
print(test_y[:10].numpy(), 'real number')
autoencoder
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.utils.data as Data
import torchvision
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
import numpy as np
# torch.manual_seed(1) # reproducible
# Hyper Parameters
EPOCH = 10
BATCH_SIZE = 64
LR = 0.005 # learning rate
DOWNLOAD_MNIST = True
N_TEST_IMG = 5
# Mnist digits dataset
train_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
root='./mnist/',
train=True, # this is training data
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # Converts a PIL.Image or numpy.ndarray to
# torch.FloatTensor of shape (C x H x W) and normalize in the range [0.0, 1.0]
download=DOWNLOAD_MNIST, # download it if you don't have it
)
# plot one example
print(train_data.train_data.size()) # (60000, 28, 28)
print(train_data.train_labels.size()) # (60000)
plt.imshow(train_data.train_data[2].numpy(), cmap='gray')
plt.title('%i' % train_data.train_labels[2])
plt.show()
# Data Loader for easy mini-batch return in training, the image batch shape will be (50, 1, 28, 28)
train_loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset=train_data, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)
class AutoEncoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(AutoEncoder, self).__init__()
self.encoder = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(28*28, 128),
nn.Tanh(),
nn.Linear(128, 64),
nn.Tanh(),
nn.Linear(64, 12),
nn.Tanh(),
nn.Linear(12, 3), # compress to 3 features which can be visualized in plt
)
self.decoder = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(3, 12),
nn.Tanh(),
nn.Linear(12, 64),
nn.Tanh(),
nn.Linear(64, 128),
nn.Tanh(),
nn.Linear(128, 28*28),
nn.Sigmoid(), # compress to a range (0, 1)
)
def forward(self, x):
encoded = self.encoder(x)
decoded = self.decoder(encoded)
return encoded, decoded
autoencoder = AutoEncoder()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(autoencoder.parameters(), lr=LR)
loss_func = nn.MSELoss()
# initialize figure
f, a = plt.subplots(2, N_TEST_IMG, figsize=(5, 2))
plt.ion() # continuously plot
# original data (first row) for viewing
view_data = train_data.train_data[:N_TEST_IMG].view(-1, 28*28).type(torch.FloatTensor)/255.
for i in range(N_TEST_IMG):
a[0][i].imshow(np.reshape(view_data.data.numpy()[i], (28, 28)), cmap='gray'); a[0][i].set_xticks(()); a[0][i].set_yticks(())
for epoch in range(EPOCH):
for step, (x, b_label) in enumerate(train_loader):
b_x = x.view(-1, 28*28) # batch x, shape (batch, 28*28)
b_y = x.view(-1, 28*28) # batch y, shape (batch, 28*28)
encoded, decoded = autoencoder(b_x)
loss = loss_func(decoded, b_y) # mean square error
optimizer.zero_grad() # clear gradients for this training step
loss.backward() # backpropagation, compute gradients
optimizer.step() # apply gradients
if step % 100 == 0:
print('Epoch: ', epoch, '| train loss: %.4f' % loss.data.numpy())
# plotting decoded image (second row)
_, decoded_data = autoencoder(view_data)
for i in range(N_TEST_IMG):
a[1][i].clear()
a[1][i].imshow(np.reshape(decoded_data.data.numpy()[i], (28, 28)), cmap='gray')
a[1][i].set_xticks(()); a[1][i].set_yticks(())
plt.draw(); plt.pause(0.05)
plt.ioff()
plt.show()
# visualize in 3D plot
view_data = train_data.train_data[:200].view(-1, 28*28).type(torch.FloatTensor)/255.
encoded_data, _ = autoencoder(view_data)
fig = plt.figure(2); ax = Axes3D(fig)
X, Y, Z = encoded_data.data[:, 0].numpy(), encoded_data.data[:, 1].numpy(), encoded_data.data[:, 2].numpy()
values = train_data.train_labels[:200].numpy()
for x, y, z, s in zip(X, Y, Z, values):
c = cm.rainbow(int(255*s/9)); ax.text(x, y, z, s, backgroundcolor=c)
ax.set_xlim(X.min(), X.max()); ax.set_ylim(Y.min(), Y.max()); ax.set_zlim(Z.min(), Z.max())
plt.show()
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