opencv-直方图及其操作

opencv中的直方图是反应一张图片中的颜色分布

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

img = cv2.imread('t2.jpg')
cv2.imshow('test',img)
img_B = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[255],[0,255]) #蓝颜色直方图
plt.plot(img_B,label='B',color='b')

img_G = cv2.calcHist([img],[1],None,[255],[0,255]) #绿颜色直方图
plt.plot(img_G,label='',color='g')

img_R = cv2.calcHist([img],[2],None,[255],[0,255]) #红颜色直方图
plt.plot(img_R,label='R',color='r')

plt.show()

直方图均衡化
可用来进行去一些雾，使得图像更加清晰，根据下图的像素分布，直方图均衡化相当于把原图的图像的分布拉宽，使得像素分布相对均匀。

# 直方图均衡化
img = cv2.imread('test2.jpg',0)
his = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[255],[0,255])
plt.plot(his,label='his',color='r')

dst = cv2.equalizeHist(img)

his = cv2.calcHist([dst],[0],None,[255],[0,255])
plt.plot(his,label='his',color='b')

plt.show()

cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)

自适应直方图均衡化
相当于生成一个滑动窗口，在这个滑动窗口内进行直方图均值化，相当于局部直方图均值化，使得整张图更加自然，如下图依次是原图、直方图均衡化，自适应直方图均衡化，由图可见直接直方图均值化图片显得比较亮，而自适应直方图均衡化比较自然。

# 自适应直方图
img = cv2.imread('ttt.jpg',0)
cv2.imshow('src',img)
# 普通直方图均值化
dst1 = cv2.equalizeHist(img)
cv2.imshow('dst1',dst1)
# 自适应直方图均值化
clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0,tileGridSize=(8,8))
dst2 = clahe.apply(img)
cv2.imshow('dst2',dst2)
cv2.waitKey(0)

直方图反投影

# 直方图反投影
roi = cv2.imread('bg_ball.jpg')
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(roi,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
target = cv2.imread('football.jpg')
hsvt = cv2.cvtColor(target,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
roihist = cv2.calcHist([hsv],[0,1],None,[180,256],[0,180,0,256],1)
cv2.normalize(roihist,roihist,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
dst = cv2.calcBackProject([hsvt],[0,1],roihist,[0,180,0,256],1)
disc = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE,(5,5))
dst = cv2.filter2D(dst,-1,disc)

ret,thresh = cv2.threshold(dst,50,255,0)

thresh = cv2.merge((thresh,thresh,thresh))
res = cv2.bitwise_and(target,thresh)
res = np.hstack((target,thresh,res))
cv2.imshow('img',res)
cv2.waitKey(0)