STM32F407HAL库-3.GPIO初始化

在使用HAL库时，GPIO初始化函数定义在stm32f4xx_hal_gpio.c文件中，如下：

void  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIO_TypeDef  *GPIOx, GPIO_InitTypeDef *GPIO_Init);

由这个函数可以看出，在初始化GPIO时，需要向函数传入2个结构体，第一个“GPIO_TypeDef”，这个结构体主要定义了需要初始化的GPIO分组，比较简单，不多讲解。下面主要介绍一下第二个结构体“GPIO_TypeDef”，HAL库中定义的该结构体参数如下所示：

typedef struct
{
  uint32_t Pin;       /*!< Specifies the GPIO pins to be configured.
                           This parameter can be any value of @ref GPIO_pins_define */

  uint32_t Mode;      /*!< Specifies the operating mode for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_mode_define */

  uint32_t Pull;      /*!< Specifies the Pull-up or Pull-Down activation for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_pull_define */

  uint32_t Speed;     /*!< Specifies the speed for the selected pins.
                           This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_speed_define */

  uint32_t Alternate;  /*!< Peripheral to be connected to the selected pins. 
                            This parameter can be a value of @ref GPIO_Alternate_function_selection */
}GPIO_InitTypeDef;

第一个参数“Pin”：定义需要配置的GPIO引脚 ，可配置参数：GPIO_PIN_（0-15）。

第二个参数“Mode”：该参数主要定义了GPIO的引脚模式、类型、中断触发模式、事件触发模式等。可配置参数如下：

#define  GPIO_MODE_INPUT                        0x00000000U   /*!< Input Floating Mode                   */
#define  GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP                    0x00000001U   /*!< Output Push Pull Mode                 */
#define  GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD                    0x00000011U   /*!< Output Open Drain Mode                */
#define  GPIO_MODE_AF_PP                        0x00000002U   /*!< Alternate Function Push Pull Mode     */
#define  GPIO_MODE_AF_OD                        0x00000012U   /*!< Alternate Function Open Drain Mode    */

#define  GPIO_MODE_ANALOG                       0x00000003U   /*!< Analog Mode  */
    
#define  GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING                    0x10110000U   /*!< External Interrupt Mode with Rising edge trigger detection          */
#define  GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING                   0x10210000U   /*!< External Interrupt Mode with Falling edge trigger detection         */
#define  GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING_FALLING            0x10310000U   /*!< External Interrupt Mode with Rising/Falling edge trigger detection  */
 
#define  GPIO_MODE_EVT_RISING                   0x10120000U   /*!< External Event Mode with Rising edge trigger detection               */
#define  GPIO_MODE_EVT_FALLING                  0x10220000U   /*!< External Event Mode with Falling edge trigger detection              */
#define  GPIO_MODE_EVT_RISING_FALLING           0x10320000U   /*!< External Event Mode with Rising/Falling edge trigger detection       */

第三个参数“pull”：该参数主要定义了GPIO输入输出的上下拉电阻配置。可配置参数：

#define  GPIO_NOPULL        0x00000000U   /*!< No Pull-up or Pull-down activation  */
#define  GPIO_PULLUP        0x00000001U   /*!< Pull-up activation                  */
#define  GPIO_PULLDOWN      0x00000002U   /*!< Pull-down activation                */

第四个参数“speed”：该参数主要定义了GPIO引脚的速度。可配置参数：

#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW         0x00000000U  /*!< IO works at 2 MHz, please refer to the product datasheet */
#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_MEDIUM      0x00000001U  /*!< range 12,5 MHz to 50 MHz, please refer to the product datasheet */
#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH        0x00000002U  /*!< range 25 MHz to 100 MHz, please refer to the product datasheet  */
#define  GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH   0x00000003U  /*!< range 50 MHz to 200 MHz, please refer to the product datasheet  */

第五个参数“Alternate”：该参数主要定义了当GPIO使用复用功能的时候，需要连接到的外设。可配置参数定义在“stm32f4xx_hal_gpio_ex.h”文件中，部分如下（详细参数请参考库文件）：

/** 
  * @brief   AF 0 selection  
  */ 
#define GPIO_AF0_RTC_50Hz      ((uint8_t)0x00)  /* RTC_50Hz Alternate Function mapping                       */
#define GPIO_AF0_MCO           ((uint8_t)0x00)  /* MCO (MCO1 and MCO2) Alternate Function mapping            */
#define GPIO_AF0_TAMPER        ((uint8_t)0x00)  /* TAMPER (TAMPER_1 and TAMPER_2) Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF0_SWJ           ((uint8_t)0x00)  /* SWJ (SWD and JTAG) Alternate Function mapping             */
#define GPIO_AF0_TRACE         ((uint8_t)0x00)  /* TRACE Alternate Function mapping                          */

/** 
  * @brief   AF 1 selection  
  */ 
#define GPIO_AF1_TIM1          ((uint8_t)0x01)  /* TIM1 Alternate Function mapping */
#define GPIO_AF1_TIM2          ((uint8_t)0x01)  /* TIM2 Alternate Function mapping */

下面以LED引脚初始化为例，进行GPIO初始化：

// LED的GPIO初始化函数
void LED_Init(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Initure;
	
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE(); // 开始GPIOF时钟
	
    GPIO_Initure.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9 | GPIO_PIN_10; // PF9，PF10引脚
    GPIO_Initure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; // 推挽输出模式
    GPIO_Initure.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; // 上拉
    GPIO_Initure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_HIGH; // 高速
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOF, &GPIO_Initure); // GPIOF初始化
}