1、多态的基本概念
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//多态
//动物类
class Animal
{
public:
//虚函数
virtual void speak()
{
cout << "动物在说话" << endl;
}
};
//猫类
class Cat :public Animal
{
public:
//重写 函数返回值类型 函数名 参数列表 完全相同
void speak()
{
cout << "小猫在说话" << endl;
}
};
//狗类
class Dog :public Animal
{
public:
void speak()
{
cout << "小狗在说话" << endl;
}
};
//执行说话的函数
//地址早绑定,在编译阶段确定函数地址
//如果想执行让猫说话,那么这个函数地址就不能提前绑定,需要在运行阶段进行绑定,地址晚绑定
//动态多态满足条件、
//1、有继承关系
//2、子类重写父类的虚函数
//动态多态使用
//父类的指针或者引用 指向子类对象
void doSpeak(Animal &animal)//Animal &animal = act;
{
animal.speak();
}
void test01()
{
Cat cat;
doSpeak(cat);
Dog dog;
doSpeak(dog);
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2、多态案例–计算机类
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//分别利用普通写法和多态技术实现计算器
//普通写法
class Calculator
{
public:
int getResult(string oper)
{
if (oper == "+")
{
return m_Num1+m_Num2;
}
else if (oper == "-")
{
return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
}
else if (oper == "*")
{
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
//如果想扩展新的功能,需要修改源码
//在真实开发中提倡开闭原则
//开闭原则:对扩展进行开放,对修改进行封闭
}
int m_Num1;
int m_Num2;
};
void test01()
{
Calculator c;
c.m_Num1 = 20;
c.m_Num2 = 10;
cout << c.m_Num1 << "+" << c.m_Num2 << "=" << c.getResult("+") << endl;
cout << c.m_Num1 << "-" << c.m_Num2 << "=" << c.getResult("-") << endl;
cout << c.m_Num1 << "*" << c.m_Num2 << "=" << c.getResult("*") << endl;
}
//利用多态实现计算器
//多态好处:
//1、组织结构清晰
//2、可读性强
//3、对于前期和后期以及维护性强
//实现计算器基类
class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
virtual int getResult()
{
return 0;
}
int m_Num1;
int m_Num2;
};
//加法计算器类
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
}
};
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
}
};
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
int getResult()
{
return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
}
};
//class DeCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
//{
//public:
// int getResult()
// {
// if (m_Num2 == 0)
// {
// return NULL;
// }
// else
// {
//
// return m_Num1 / m_Num2;
//
// }
// }
//};
void test02()
{
//多态使用条件
//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
AbstractCalculator *abc = new AddCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 100;
abc->m_Num2 = 20;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << "+" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
//用完后记得销毁
delete abc;
//减法运算
abc = new SubCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 100;
abc->m_Num2 = 20;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << "-" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
//用完后记得销毁
delete abc;
//乘法运算
abc = new MulCalculator;
abc->m_Num1 = 100;
abc->m_Num2 = 20;
cout << abc->m_Num1 << "*" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
//用完后记得销毁
delete abc;
//abc = new DeCalculator;
//abc->m_Num1 = 100;
//abc->m_Num2 = 0;
//cout << abc->m_Num1 << "/" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
用完后记得销毁
//delete abc;
};
int main()
{
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3、纯虚函数和抽象类
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//纯虚函数和抽象类
class Base
{
public:
//纯虚函数
//只要有一个纯虚函数,这个类称为抽象类‘
//抽象类特点:
//1、无法实例化对象
//2、抽象类的子类 必须要重写父类的纯虚函数 否则也属于抽象类
virtual void func() = 0;
};
class Son :public Base
{
public:
virtual void func()
{
cout << "func函数调用" << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
/*Base b;
new Base;
抽象类无法实例化对象
*/
//Son s;//子类必须重写父类中的纯虚函数,否则无法实例化对象
Base *base = new Son;
base->func();
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4、多态案例2-制作饮品
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//多态案例2制作饮品
class AbstractDrinking
{
public:
//煮水
virtual void Boil() = 0;
//冲泡
virtual void Brew() = 0;
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup() = 0;
//加入辅料
virtual void PutSomething() = 0;
//制作饮品
void makeDrink()
{
Boil();
Brew();
PourInCup();
PutSomething();
}
};
//制作咖啡
class Coffee:public AbstractDrinking
{
//煮水
virtual void Boil()
{
cout << "煮农夫山泉" << endl;
}
//冲泡
virtual void Brew()
{
cout << "冲泡咖啡" << endl;
}
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup()
{
cout << "导入杯中" << endl;
}
//加入辅料
virtual void PutSomething()
{
cout << "加入糖和牛奶" << endl;
}
};
//制作茶叶
class Tea :public AbstractDrinking
{
//煮水
virtual void Boil()
{
cout << "煮怡宝" << endl;
}
//冲泡
virtual void Brew()
{
cout << "冲泡茶叶" << endl;
}
//倒入杯中
virtual void PourInCup()
{
cout << "导入杯中" << endl;
}
//加入辅料
virtual void PutSomething()
{
cout << "加入柠檬" << endl;
}
};
//制作函数
void doWork(AbstractDrinking *abs)
{
abs->makeDrink();
delete abs;//释放
}
void test01()
{
//制作咖啡
doWork(new Coffee);
cout << "------------" << endl;
//制作茶叶
doWork(new Tea);
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
5、虚析构与纯虚析构
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//虚析构和纯虚析构
//1、虚析构或纯虚析构就是用来解决通过父类指针释放子类对象
//2、如果子类中没有堆区数据,可以不写为虚析构或纯虚析构
//3、拥有纯虚析构函数的类也属于抽象类
class Animal
{
public:
Animal()
{
cout << "Animal构造函数调用" << endl;
}
//利用虚析构可以解决 父类指针释放子类对象时不干净的问题
/*virtual ~Animal()
{
cout << "Animal析构函数调用" << endl;
}*/
//纯虚析构 需要声明也需要实现
//有了纯虚析构之后,这个类也属于抽象类,无法实例化对象
virtual ~Animal() = 0;
//纯虚函数
virtual void speak() = 0;
};
Animal::~Animal()
{
cout << "Animal纯虚析构函数调用" << endl;
}
class Cat :public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string name)
{
cout << "Cat构造函数调用" << endl;
m_Name = new string(name);
}
~Cat()
{
if (m_Name != NULL)
{
cout << "Cat析构函数调用" << endl;
delete m_Name;
m_Name = NULL;
}
}
virtual void speak()
{
cout<<*m_Name << "小猫在说话" << endl;
}
string *m_Name;
};
void test01()
{
Animal*animal = new Cat("Tom");
animal->speak();
//父类指针在析构时候 不会调用子类中析构函数 导致子类中如果有堆区属性,出现泄漏
delete animal;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
6、多态案例3-配电脑
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//抽象不同零件类
//抽象CPU类
class CPU
{
public:
//抽象计算函数
virtual void calculate() = 0;
};
//抽象显卡类
class VideoCard
{
public:
//抽象的显示函数
virtual void display() = 0;
};
//抽象内存条类
class Memory
{
public:
//抽象存储函数
virtual void storage() = 0;
};
//电脑类
class Computer
{
public:
Computer(CPU *cpu, VideoCard *vc, Memory *mem)
{
m_cpu = cpu;
m_vc = vc;
m_mem = mem;
}
//提供工作的函数
void work()
{
m_cpu->calculate();
m_vc->display();
m_mem->storage();
}
//提供析构函数,释放3个电脑零件
~Computer()
{
//释放CPU零件
if (m_cpu != NULL)
{
delete m_cpu;
m_cpu = NULL;
}
//释放显卡零件
if (m_vc != NULL)
{
delete m_cpu;
m_vc = NULL;
}
//释放内存条零件
if (m_mem != NULL)
{
delete m_cpu;
m_mem = NULL;
}
}
private:
CPU *m_cpu;
VideoCard *m_vc;
Memory *m_mem;
};
//具体厂商
//Intel厂商
class IntelCPU :public CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate()
{
cout << "Interl的CPU开始计算了!" << endl;
}
};
class IntelVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout << "Interl的显卡开始显示了!" << endl;
}
};
class IntelMemory :public Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage()
{
cout << "Interl的内存条开始存储了!" << endl;
}
};
//Lenovo厂商
class LenovoCPU :public CPU
{
public:
virtual void calculate()
{
cout << "Lenovo的CPU开始计算了!" << endl;
}
};
class LenovoVideoCard :public VideoCard
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout << "Lenovo的显卡开始显示了!" << endl;
}
};
class LenovoMemory :public Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage()
{
cout << "Lenovo的内存条开始存储了!" << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//第一台电脑零件
CPU *intelCpu = new IntelCPU;
VideoCard *intelCard = new IntelVideoCard;
Memory *intelMem = new IntelMemory;
//创建第一台电脑
cout << "第一台电脑开始工作:" << endl;
Computer *computer1 = new Computer(intelCpu, intelCard, intelMem);
computer1->work();
delete computer1;
cout << "-----------------------" << endl;
cout << "第二台电脑开始工作:" << endl;
//第二台电脑的组装
Computer *computer2 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new LenovoVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);
computer2->work();
delete computer2;
cout << "-----------------------" << endl;
cout << "第三台电脑开始工作:" << endl;
//第二台电脑的组装
Computer *computer3 = new Computer(new LenovoCPU, new IntelVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);
computer3->work();
delete computer3;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}