最近一个项目用到STM32 双路CAN通信,踩了下坑,下面给大家分享一下。使用STM32 hal库
先上代码再讲解:
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file can.c
* @brief This file provides code for the configuration
* of the CAN instances.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.</center></h2>
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under Ultimate Liberty license
* SLA0044, the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* www.st.com/SLA0044
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "can.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uc ucCanRxBuff[64];
/* USER CODE END 0 */
CAN_HandleTypeDef hcan1;
CAN_HandleTypeDef hcan2;
//
CAN_HandleTypeDef CAN1_Handler; //CAN1句柄
CAN_TxHeaderTypeDef CAN1_TxHeader; //发送
CAN_RxHeaderTypeDef CAN1_RxHeader; //接收
CAN_HandleTypeDef CAN2_Handler; //CAN2句柄
CAN_TxHeaderTypeDef CAN2_TxHeader; //发送
CAN_RxHeaderTypeDef CAN2_RxHeader; //接收
CAN初始化
//tsjw:重新同步跳跃时间单元.范围:CAN_SJW_1TQ~CAN_SJW_4TQ
//tbs2:时间段2的时间单元. 范围:CAN_BS2_1TQ~CAN_BS2_8TQ;
//tbs1:时间段1的时间单元. 范围:CAN_BS1_1TQ~CAN_BS1_16TQ
//brp :波特率分频器.范围:1~1024; tq=(brp)*tpclk1
//波特率=Fpclk1/((tbs1+tbs2+1)*brp); 其中tbs1和tbs2我们只用关注标识符上标志的序号,例如CAN_BS2_1TQ,我们就认为tbs2=1来计算即可。
//mode:CAN_MODE_NORMAL,普通模式;CAN_MODE_LOOPBACK,回环模式;
//Fpclk1的时钟在初始化的时候设置为42M,如果设置CAN1_Mode_Init(CAN_SJW_1tq,CAN_BS2_6tq,CAN_BS1_7tq,6,CAN_MODE_LOOPBACK);
//则波特率为:42M/((6+7+1)*6)=500Kbps
//返回值:0,初始化OK;
// 其他,初始化失败;
u8 CAN1_Mode_Init(u32 tsjw,u32 tbs2,u32 tbs1,u16 brp,u32 mode)
{
CAN_InitTypeDef CAN1_InitConf;
CAN1_Handler.Instance=CAN1;
CAN1_Handler.Init = CAN1_InitConf;
CAN1_Handler.Init.Prescaler=brp; //分频系数(Fdiv)为brp+1
CAN1_Handler.Init.Mode=mode; //模式设置
CAN1_Handler.Init.SyncJumpWidth=tsjw; //重新同步跳跃宽度(Tsjw)为tsjw+1个时间单位 CAN_SJW_1TQ~CAN_SJW_4TQ
CAN1_Handler.Init.TimeSeg1=tbs1; //tbs1范围CAN_BS1_1TQ~CAN_BS1_16TQ
CAN1_Handler.Init.TimeSeg2=tbs2; //tbs2范围CAN_BS2_1TQ~CAN_BS2_8TQ
CAN1_Handler.Init.TimeTriggeredMode=DISABLE; //非时间触发通信模式
CAN1_Handler.Init.AutoBusOff=DISABLE; //软件自动离线管理
CAN1_Handler.Init.AutoWakeUp=DISABLE; //睡眠模式通过软件唤醒(清除CAN->MCR的SLEEP位)
CAN1_Handler.Init.AutoRetransmission=ENABLE; //禁止报文自动传送
CAN1_Handler.Init.ReceiveFifoLocked=DISABLE; //报文不锁定,新的覆盖旧的
CAN1_Handler.Init.TransmitFifoPriority=DISABLE; //优先级由报文标识符决定
if(HAL_CAN_Init(&CAN1_Handler)!=HAL_OK) //初始化
return 1;
return 0;
}
void CAN1_Config(void)
{
CAN_FilterTypeDef sFilterConfig;
/*##-2- Configure the CAN Filter ###########################################*/
sFilterConfig.FilterBank = 0;
sFilterConfig.FilterMode = CAN_FILTERMODE_IDMASK;
sFilterConfig.FilterScale = CAN_FILTERSCALE_32BIT;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterFIFOAssignment = CAN_RX_FIFO0;
sFilterConfig.FilterActivation = ENABLE;
sFilterConfig.SlaveStartFilterBank = 15;
if (HAL_CAN_ConfigFilter(&CAN1_Handler, &sFilterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Filter configuration Error */
while(1)
{
}
}
/*##-3- Start the CAN peripheral ###########################################*/
if (HAL_CAN_Start(&CAN1_Handler) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Start Error */
while(1)
{
}
}
/*##-4- Activate CAN RX notification #######################################*/
if (HAL_CAN_ActivateNotification(&CAN1_Handler, CAN_IT_RX_FIFO0_MSG_PENDING) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Notification Error */
while(1)
{
}
}
/*##-5- Configure Transmission process #####################################*/
CAN1_TxHeader.StdId = 0x321;
CAN1_TxHeader.ExtId = 0x01;
CAN1_TxHeader.RTR = CAN_RTR_DATA;
CAN1_TxHeader.IDE = CAN_ID_STD;
CAN1_TxHeader.DLC = 2;
CAN1_TxHeader.TransmitGlobalTime = DISABLE;
}
//can发送一组数据(固定格式:ID为0X12,标准帧,数据帧)
//len:数据长度(最大为8)
//msg:数据指针,最大为8个字节.
//返回值:0,成功;
// 其他,失败;
u8 CAN1_Send_Msg(uint32_t ExtId, u8* msg,u8 len)
{
u8 i=0;
u32 j = 0;
u32 TxMailbox;
u8 message[8];
CAN1_TxHeader.StdId=0X13; //标准标识符
CAN1_TxHeader.ExtId=ExtId; //扩展标识符(29位)
CAN1_TxHeader.IDE=CAN_ID_EXT; //使用标准帧
CAN1_TxHeader.RTR=CAN_RTR_DATA; //数据帧
CAN1_TxHeader.DLC=len;
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
message[i]=msg[i];
}
if(HAL_CAN_AddTxMessage(&CAN1_Handler, &CAN1_TxHeader, message, &TxMailbox) != HAL_OK)//发送
{
return 1;
}
while((HAL_CAN_GetTxMailboxesFreeLevel(&CAN1_Handler) != 3) && (++j < 0xfff))
{
}
if(j >= 0xfff)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//can口接收数据查询
//buf:数据缓存区;
//返回值:0,无数据被收到;
// 其他,接收的数据长度;
u8 CAN1_Receive_Msg(u8 *buf)
{
u32 i;
u8 RxData[8];
if(HAL_CAN_GetRxFifoFillLevel(&CAN1_Handler, CAN_RX_FIFO0) != 1)
{
return 0xF1;
}
if(HAL_CAN_GetRxMessage(&CAN1_Handler, CAN_RX_FIFO0, &CAN1_RxHeader, RxData) != HAL_OK)
{
return 0xF2;
}
for(i=0;i<CAN1_RxHeader.DLC;i++)
buf[i]=RxData[i];
return CAN1_RxHeader.DLC;
}
CAN初始化
//tsjw:重新同步跳跃时间单元.范围:CAN_SJW_1TQ~CAN_SJW_4TQ
//tbs2:时间段2的时间单元. 范围:CAN_BS2_1TQ~CAN_BS2_8TQ;
//tbs1:时间段1的时间单元. 范围:CAN_BS1_1TQ~CAN_BS1_16TQ
//brp :波特率分频器.范围:1~1024; tq=(brp)*tpclk1
//波特率=Fpclk1/((tbs1+tbs2+1)*brp); 其中tbs1和tbs2我们只用关注标识符上标志的序号,例如CAN_BS2_1TQ,我们就认为tbs2=1来计算即可。
//mode:CAN_MODE_NORMAL,普通模式;CAN_MODE_LOOPBACK,回环模式;
//Fpclk1的时钟在初始化的时候设置为42M,如果设置CAN1_Mode_Init(CAN_SJW_1tq,CAN_BS2_6tq,CAN_BS1_7tq,6,CAN_MODE_LOOPBACK);
//则波特率为:42M/((6+7+1)*6)=500Kbps
//返回值:0,初始化OK;
// 其他,初始化失败;
u8 CAN2_Mode_Init(u32 tsjw,u32 tbs2,u32 tbs1,u16 brp,u32 mode)
{
CAN_InitTypeDef CAN2_InitConf;
CAN2_Handler.Instance=CAN2;
CAN2_Handler.Init = CAN2_InitConf;
CAN2_Handler.Init.Prescaler=brp; //分频系数(Fdiv)为brp+1
CAN2_Handler.Init.Mode=mode; //模式设置
CAN2_Handler.Init.SyncJumpWidth=tsjw; //重新同步跳跃宽度(Tsjw)为tsjw+1个时间单位 CAN_SJW_1TQ~CAN_SJW_4TQ
CAN2_Handler.Init.TimeSeg1=tbs1; //tbs1范围CAN_BS1_1TQ~CAN_BS1_16TQ
CAN2_Handler.Init.TimeSeg2=tbs2; //tbs2范围CAN_BS2_1TQ~CAN_BS2_8TQ
CAN2_Handler.Init.TimeTriggeredMode=DISABLE; //非时间触发通信模式
CAN2_Handler.Init.AutoBusOff=DISABLE; //软件自动离线管理
CAN2_Handler.Init.AutoWakeUp=DISABLE; //睡眠模式通过软件唤醒(清除CAN->MCR的SLEEP位)
CAN2_Handler.Init.AutoRetransmission=ENABLE; //禁止报文自动传送
CAN2_Handler.Init.ReceiveFifoLocked=DISABLE; //报文不锁定,新的覆盖旧的
CAN2_Handler.Init.TransmitFifoPriority=DISABLE; //优先级由报文标识符决定
if(HAL_CAN_Init(&CAN2_Handler)!=HAL_OK) //初始化
return 1;
return 0;
}
//CAN底层驱动,引脚配置,时钟配置,中断配置
//此函数会被HAL_CAN_Init()调用
//hcan:CAN句柄
void HAL_CAN_MspInit(CAN_HandleTypeDef* hcan)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Initure;
if(hcan->Instance == CAN1)
{
__HAL_RCC_CAN1_CLK_ENABLE(); //使能CAN1时钟
__HAL_RCC_CAN2_CLK_ENABLE(); //使能CAN1时钟
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE(); //开启GPIOA时钟
GPIO_Initure.Pin=GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9; //PA11,12
GPIO_Initure.Mode=GPIO_MODE_AF_PP; //推挽复用
GPIO_Initure.Pull=GPIO_PULLUP; //上拉
GPIO_Initure.Speed=GPIO_SPEED_FAST; //快速
GPIO_Initure.Alternate=GPIO_AF9_CAN1; //复用为CAN1++
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_Initure); //初始化
}
else if(hcan->Instance == CAN2)
{
__HAL_RCC_CAN1_CLK_ENABLE(); //使能CAN1时钟
__HAL_RCC_CAN2_CLK_ENABLE(); //使能CAN1时钟
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE(); //开启GPIOA时钟
GPIO_Initure.Pin=GPIO_PIN_12|GPIO_PIN_13; //PA11,12
GPIO_Initure.Mode=GPIO_MODE_AF_PP; //推挽复用
GPIO_Initure.Pull=GPIO_PULLUP; //上拉
GPIO_Initure.Speed=GPIO_SPEED_FAST; //快速
GPIO_Initure.Alternate=GPIO_AF9_CAN2; //复用为CAN1++
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_Initure); //初始化
}
}
void CAN2_Config(void)
{
CAN_FilterTypeDef sFilterConfig;
/*##-2- Configure the CAN Filter ###########################################*/
sFilterConfig.FilterBank = 15;
sFilterConfig.FilterMode = CAN_FILTERMODE_IDMASK;
sFilterConfig.FilterScale = CAN_FILTERSCALE_32BIT;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterFIFOAssignment = CAN_RX_FIFO0;
sFilterConfig.FilterActivation = ENABLE;
sFilterConfig.SlaveStartFilterBank = 15;
if (HAL_CAN_ConfigFilter(&CAN2_Handler, &sFilterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Filter configuration Error */
while(1)
{
}
}
/*##-3- Start the CAN peripheral ###########################################*/
if (HAL_CAN_Start(&CAN2_Handler) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Start Error */
while(1)
{
}
}
/*##-4- Activate CAN RX notification #######################################*/
if (HAL_CAN_ActivateNotification(&CAN2_Handler, CAN_IT_RX_FIFO0_MSG_PENDING) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Notification Error */
while(1)
{
}
}
/*##-5- Configure Transmission process #####################################*/
CAN2_TxHeader.StdId = 0x321;
CAN2_TxHeader.ExtId = 0x01;
CAN2_TxHeader.RTR = CAN_RTR_DATA;
CAN2_TxHeader.IDE = CAN_ID_STD;
CAN2_TxHeader.DLC = 2;
CAN2_TxHeader.TransmitGlobalTime = DISABLE;
}
//can发送一组数据(固定格式:ID为0X12,标准帧,数据帧)
//len:数据长度(最大为8)
//msg:数据指针,最大为8个字节.
//返回值:0,成功;
// 其他,失败;
u8 CAN2_Send_Msg(uint32_t ExtId, u8* msg,u8 len)
{
u8 i=0;
u32 TxMailbox;
u32 j = 0;
u8 message[8];
CAN2_TxHeader.StdId=0X13; //标准标识符
CAN2_TxHeader.ExtId=ExtId; //扩展标识符(29位)
CAN2_TxHeader.IDE=CAN_ID_EXT; //使用标准帧
CAN2_TxHeader.RTR=CAN_RTR_DATA; //数据帧
CAN2_TxHeader.DLC=len;
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
message[i]=msg[i];
}
if(HAL_CAN_AddTxMessage(&CAN2_Handler, &CAN2_TxHeader, message, &TxMailbox) != HAL_OK)//发送
{
return 1;
}
while((HAL_CAN_GetTxMailboxesFreeLevel(&CAN2_Handler) != 3) && (++j < 0xfff))
{
}
if(j >= 0xfff)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//can口接收数据查询
//buf:数据缓存区;
//返回值:0,无数据被收到;
// 其他,接收的数据长度;
u8 CAN2_Receive_Msg(u8 *buf)
{
u32 i;
u8 RxData[8];
if(HAL_CAN_GetRxFifoFillLevel(&CAN2_Handler, CAN_RX_FIFO0) != 1)
{
return 0xF1;
}
if(HAL_CAN_GetRxMessage(&CAN2_Handler, CAN_RX_FIFO0, &CAN2_RxHeader, RxData) != HAL_OK)
{
return 0xF2;
}
for(i=0;i<CAN2_RxHeader.DLC;i++)
buf[i]=RxData[i];
return CAN2_RxHeader.DLC;
}
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
STM32双路CAN的应用有以下几点需要注意:
1,滤波器的初始化问题
CAN_FilterTypeDef sFilterConfig;
sFilterConfig.FilterBank = 0;
sFilterConfig.FilterMode = CAN_FILTERMODE_IDMASK;
sFilterConfig.FilterScale = CAN_FILTERSCALE_32BIT;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterFIFOAssignment = CAN_RX_FIFO0;
sFilterConfig.FilterActivation = ENABLE;
sFilterConfig.SlaveStartFilterBank = 15;C
sFilterConfig.FilterBank = 0; 使用双路can时 此参数为0
sFilterConfig.SlaveStartFilterBank = 15; can2作为从设备 滤波为15.
sFilterConfig.FilterBank = 15;
sFilterConfig.FilterMode = CAN_FILTERMODE_IDMASK;
sFilterConfig.FilterScale = CAN_FILTERSCALE_32BIT;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdHigh = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterMaskIdLow = 0x0000;
sFilterConfig.FilterFIFOAssignment = CAN_RX_FIFO0;
sFilterConfig.FilterActivation = ENABLE;
sFilterConfig.SlaveStartFilterBank = 15;
sFilterConfig.FilterBank = 15; 使用双路can时 15 作为CAN2的滤波地址
sFilterConfig.SlaveStartFilterBank = 15; can2作为从设备 滤波为15.
2,can数据发送函数
//can发送一组数据(固定格式:ID为0X12,标准帧,数据帧)
//len:数据长度(最大为8)
//msg:数据指针,最大为8个字节.
//返回值:0,成功;
// 其他,失败;
u8 CAN2_Send_Msg(uint32_t ExtId, u8* msg,u8 len)
{
u8 i=0;
u32 TxMailbox;
u32 j = 0;
u8 message[8];
CAN2_TxHeader.StdId=0X13; //标准标识符
CAN2_TxHeader.ExtId=ExtId; //扩展标识符(29位)
CAN2_TxHeader.IDE=CAN_ID_EXT; //使用扩展帧
CAN2_TxHeader.RTR=CAN_RTR_DATA; //数据帧
CAN2_TxHeader.DLC=len;
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
message[i]=msg[i];
}
if(HAL_CAN_AddTxMessage(&CAN2_Handler, &CAN2_TxHeader, message, &TxMailbox) != HAL_OK)//发送
{
return 1;
}
while((HAL_CAN_GetTxMailboxesFreeLevel(&CAN2_Handler) != 3) && (++j < 0xfff))
{
}
if(j >= 0xfff)
{
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
while((HAL_CAN_GetTxMailboxesFreeLevel(&CAN2_Handler) != 3) && (++j < 0xfff))
{
}
此函数会判断发送邮箱是否为空,如果该路can通信线上没有外挂can 设备的话发送邮箱会堵塞。我当时调试就是在这儿踩坑了,两路can总是只有一路能发送数据,结果是因为必须要外接了can设备才能发送成功。原子的发送函数是在while循环里一直等待发送成功,此处加上时间判断便不会卡死。