卷积神经网络CNN实现波士顿房价预测（完整代码）

import numpy as np
from sklearn import preprocessing
import tensorflow as tf
 from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
#波士顿房价数据
boston=load_boston()
x=boston.data
y=boston.target
x_3=x[:,3:6]
x=np.column_stack([x,x_3]) #随意给x增加了3列，x变为16列，reshape为4×4矩阵了 
#随机挑选
train_x_disorder, test_x_disorder, train_y_disorder, test_y_disorder = train_test_split(x, y,                                                                    train_size=0.8, random_state=33)
#数据标准化
ss_x = preprocessing.StandardScaler()
train_x_disorder = ss_x.fit_transform(train_x_disorder)
test_x_disorder = ss_x.transform(test_x_disorder)
 
ss_y = preprocessing.StandardScaler()
train_y_disorder = ss_y.fit_transform(train_y_disorder.reshape(-1, 1))
test_y_disorder=ss_y.transform(test_y_disorder.reshape(-1, 1)) 

#变厚矩阵
def weight_variable(shape):
    initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
    return tf.Variable(initial)
#偏置
def bias_variable(shape):
    initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
    return tf.Variable(initial)
#卷积处理，变厚过程
def conv2d(x, W):
    # stride [1, x_movement, y_movement, 1] x_movement、y_movement就是步长
    # Must have strides[0] = strides[3] = 1 padding='SAME'表示卷积后长宽不变
    return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
#pool 长宽缩小一倍
def max_pool_2x2(x):
    #stride [1, x_movement, y_movement, 1]
    return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1,2,2,1], strides=[1,2,2,1], padding='SAME')
 
#定义占位符以输入网络
xs = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 16]) #原始数据的维度：16
ys = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 1]) #输出数据为维度：1
 
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) #dropout的比例
 
x_image = tf.reshape(xs, [-1, 4, 4, 1])#原始数据16变成二维图片4×4
#第一卷积层
W_conv1 = weight_variable([2,2, 1,32]) #块2×2，输入为1个像素,输出为32个像素，每个像素变成32个像素，就是变厚的过程
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1) #输入大小2×2×32，长宽不变，高度为32的三维图像

## conv2 layer：第二卷积层
W_conv2 = weight_variable([2,2, 32, 64]) # patch 2x2, in size 32, out size 64
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_conv1, W_conv2) + b_conv2) #输入第一层的处理结果 输出shape 4*4*64
 
## fc1 layer：全连接层1
W_fc1 = weight_variable([4*4*64, 512])#4×4，高度为64的三维图片，然后把它拉成512长的一维数组
b_fc1 = bias_variable([512])
 
h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_conv2, [-1, 4*4*64])#把4×4，高度为64的三维图片拉成一维数组，降维处理
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)#把数组中扔掉比例为keep_prob的元素
## fc2 layer：全连接层2
W_fc2 = weight_variable([512, 1]) #512长的一维数组压缩为长度为1的数组
b_fc2 = bias_variable([1]) #偏置
#最后的计算结果
prediction =  tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2
#计算predition与y差距，所用方法为suare()平方、sum()求和、mean()平均值
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(ys - prediction), reduction_indices=[1]))
# 0.01学习效率，minimize(loss)减小loss误差
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.01).minimize(cross_entropy)
 
sess = tf.Session()

#训练500次
for i in range(200):
    sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={xs: train_x_disorder, ys: train_y_disorder, keep_prob: 0.7})
    print(i,'误差=',sess.run(cross_entropy, feed_dict={xs: train_x_disorder, ys: train_y_disorder, keep_prob: 1.0}))  # 输出loss值
 
#可视化
prediction_value = sess.run(prediction, feed_dict={xs: test_x_disorder, ys: test_y_disorder, keep_prob: 1.0})
#画图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 3))  # dpi参数指定绘图对象的分辨率，即每英寸多少个像素，缺省值为80
axes = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
line1,=axes.plot(range(len(prediction_value)), prediction_value, 'b--',label='cnn',linewidth=2)
line3,=axes.plot(range(len(test_y_disorder)), test_y_disorder, 'g',label='real')
 
axes.grid()
fig.tight_layout()
plt.legend(handles=[line1,  line3])
plt.title('卷积神经网络')
plt.show()