​进程线程----------------同步和互斥机制

​信号量

​互斥量

线程通信-互斥

​1.临界资源

​一次只允许一个任务（线程、进程）访问共享资源

2.​临界区

​访问临界资源的代码

3.​互斥机制

mutex互斥锁

​任务访问临界资源前申请锁，访问完后释放锁

4.​互斥锁：pthread_mutex_init

静态方式​:​pthread_mutex_t mutex  

锁的销毁: ​int pthread_mutex_destroy

互斥锁的使用

1.​int    pthread_mutex_lock

申请锁，如果无法获得锁，任务阻塞

2.​int pthread_mutex_unlock

​释放锁

3.​int pthread_mutex_trylock

​申请锁，如果无法获得锁，返回EBusy而不是挂起等待

​

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_iNITALIZER;

FILE *fp;
void *func2(void *arg)
{
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    printf("this is child thread\n");

    char str[ ]= " i am write func2 line\n";
    char c;
    int i = 0;
    while(1){


     pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
     while(i<strlen(str)) 
     {
           c = str[i];
           fputc(c,fp);
            usleep(1);
            i++;
      }
     pthread_mutex_unlock
     i = 0;
     usleep(1);
      
   pthread_exit("func1 exit");

   }
    pthread_exit("thread return ");
}


void *func1(void *arg)
{
    printf("this is child thread\n");
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    char str[ ]= " i am write func2 line\n";
    char c;
    int i = 0;
    while(1){
     while(i<strlen(str)) 
     {
           c = str[i];
           fputc(c,fp);
            usleep(1);
             i++;
      }
     i = 0;
     ulseep(1);
      
   pthread_exit("func1 exit");

   }
    pthread_exit("thread return ");
}


int main(){
     pthread_t tid,tid2;
     void *retv;
    int i;
    fp = fopen("1.txt","a+");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
          perror("fopen");
          return 0;
     }
     pthread_create(&tid,NULL,func,NULL);
     pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,func,NULL);
     while(1){
       sleep(1);
   }



}

5.读写锁

​初始化一个读写锁  pthread_rwock_init

读锁定读写锁​    pthread_rwlokck_rdlock

非阻塞读锁定     pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock

写锁定读写锁  pthread_rwlock_wrlock

解锁读写锁  pthread_rwlock_unlock

释放读写锁   pthread_rwlock_destroy

读写锁：

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

pthread_rwlock_t  rwlock;

FILE *fp;
void  *read_func(void *arg)
{
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    printf("this is child thread\n");
   
   char buf[32]={0};
     while(1){
	pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock);
    	while(fgets(buf,32,fp)!=NULL)
    	{
          		printf("rd=%s\n",buf);
          		usleep(1000);
    	}
                pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock);
         sleep(1);
   } 

     
}


void *func1(void *arg)
{
    printf("this is child thread\n");
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    char str[ ]= " i am write func2 line\n";
    char c;
    int i = 0;
    while(1){
     while(i<strlen(str)) 
     {
           c = str[i];
           fputc(c,fp);
            usleep(1);
             i++;
      }
     i = 0;
     ulseep(1);
      
   pthread_exit("func1 exit");

   }
    pthread_exit("thread return ");
}


int main(){
     pthread_t tid1,tid2,tid3,tid4;
     void *retv;
    int i;
    fp = fopen("1.txt","a+");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
          perror("fopen");
          return 0;
     }
     pthread_rwlock_init(&rwlock,NULL);
     pthread_create(&tid1,NULL,read_func,1);
     pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,read_func,2);

     pthread_create(&tid3,NULL,func,NULL);
     pthread_create(&tid4,NULL,func,NULL);
     while(1){
       sleep(1);
   }



}

6.​死锁

​多把锁才会卡死

​死锁的避免

1.​锁越少越好，最好使用一把锁

2.​调整好锁的顺序

死锁代码：

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_iNITALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t mutex2 = PTHREAD_MUTEX_iNITALIZER;
FILE *fp;
void *func2(void *arg)
{
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    printf("this is child thread\n");

    char str[ ]= " i am write func2 line\n";
    char c;
    int i = 0;
    while(1){

     pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2);
     printf("%d,I got lock\n",(int) arg);
     sleep(1);
     pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
     printf("%d,I got 2 locks\n",(int)arg);
     
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex2);

     usleep(1);
      
   pthread_exit("func1 exit");

   }
    pthread_exit("thread return ");
}


void *func1(void *arg)
{
    printf("this is child thread\n");
    pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    char str[ ]= " i am write func2 line\n";
    char c;
    int i = 0;
    while(1){
       pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2);
       printf("%d,I got lock\n",(int) arg);
       sleep(1);
       pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
       printf("%d,I got 2 locks\n",(int)arg);
     
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex2);

     ulseep(1);
      
   pthread_exit("func1 exit");

   }
    pthread_exit("thread return ");
}


int main(){
     pthread_t tid,tid2;
     void *retv;
    int i;
    fp = fopen("1.txt","a+");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
          perror("fopen");
          return 0;
     }
     pthread_create(&tid,NULL,func,NULL);
     pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,func,NULL);
     while(1){
       sleep(1);
   }



}