条件变量
应用场景:生产者消费者问题
必要性:为了实现等待某个资源,让线程休眠。提高运行效率.
使用步骤
1.
pthread_cont_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; //初始化条件变量 pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; //初始化互斥量
2.生产资源线程:
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); //开始生产资源
pthread_cond_sigal(&cond); //通知一个消费线程或者
pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond);//广播通知多个消费线程
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
3.消费者线程:
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while(如果没有资源){
//防止惊群效应
pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex);
}
有了资源消费资源 pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
注意:
1.pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex),在没有资源等待是先ulock休眠,等资源到了,在lock,所以pthread_cond_wait 和 pthread_mutex_lock必须配对使用。
2.如果pthread_cond_signal或者pthread_cond_broadcast早于pthread_cond_wait,则有可能丢失信号。
3.pthread_cond_signal信号会被多个线程收到,这就是线程的惊群效应。所以加上判断条件while循环。
条件变量:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
pthread_cond_t hasTaxi=PTHREAD_COND_INITALZER;
pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
struct taxi{
struct *next;
int num;
};
void *taxiarv(void *arg)
{
printf(""taxi arrived thread\n);
pthread_detach(pthread_self( ));
struct taxi *tx;
int i = 1 ;
while(1){
tx = malloc(sizeof(struct taxi)) ;
tx->num = i++;
printf("" taxi %d comming\n,i);
pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
tx->next = Head;
Head = tx;
pthread_cond_signal(&hasTaxi);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
}
pthread_exit(0);
}
void *takeTaxi(void *arg)
{
printf("take arrived thread\n");
pthread_detach(pthread_self( ));
struct taxi *tx;
while(1){
pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
while(Head == NULL)
{
pthread_cond_wait(&hadTaxi,&lock);
}
}
tx = Head;
Head = tx->next;
printf("take taxi %d\n",tx->num);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
}
int main(){
pthread_t tid1,tid2;
pthread_create(&tid,NULL,taxiarv,NULL);
sleep(5);
pthread_create(&tid,NULL,takeTaxi,NULL);
while(1){
sleep(1);
}
}