PAT Advanced—1031 Hello World for U (20分)

Given any string of N (≥5) characters, you are asked to form the characters into the shape of U. For example, helloworld can be printed as:

h  d
e  l
l  r
lowo

That is, the characters must be printed in the original order, starting top-down from the left vertical line with n​1​​ characters, then left to right along the bottom line with n​2​​ characters, and finally bottom-up along the vertical line with n​3​​ characters. And more, we would like U to be as squared as possible – that is, it must be satisfied that n​1​​=n​3​​=max { k | k≤n​2​​ for all 3≤n​2​​≤N } with n​1​​+n​2​​+n​3​​−2=N.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. Each case contains one string with no less than 5 and no more than 80 characters in a line. The string contains no white space.
Output Specification:
For each test case, print the input string in the shape of U as specified in the description.

Sample Input:
helloworld!
Sample Output:

h   !
e   d
l   l
lowor

题目意思：
  给定一个字符串，输出其U型形式，要求改U型左右长度小于等于底部长度

思路：
  尽可能做到平均分，所以可以直接将字符串长度除3，然后根据余数来判断是否给底边增加长度，因为平均分之后的值就是左右的值了（左右不包括在底边中的那个）。注意如果平均分了之后左右长度+1大于底边长度，不满足题意，就要给左右减2个

代码：(C++)

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	string str;
	cin>>str;
	int n = str.size();
	int n1 = n / 3;
	int n2 = n1;
	if(n % 3 == 0)
		n1 = n1;
	else if(n % 3 == 1)
		n2 = n2 + 1;
	else if(n % 3 == 2)
		n2 = n2 + 2;
	if(n1+1 > n2)
	{
		n1 = n1 - 1;
		n2 = n2 + 2;
	}
	string blank = "";
	for(int i=0; i<n2-2; i++)
		blank += " ";
	for(int i=0; i<n1; i++)
		cout<<str[i]<<blank<<str[n-i-1]<<endl;
	for(int i=n1; i<n1+n2; i++)
		cout<<str[i];

	return 0;
}