【洛谷P5158】【模板】多项式快速插值（分治NTT+拉格朗日插值）

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考虑传统的拉格朗日插值法插多项式是$O(n^2)$的
即构造函数$$f(x)=\sum _{i=1}^n{y}_i\prod _{j̸=i}\frac{(x-x_j)}{x_i-x_j}$$

化一下

$$f(x)=\sum _{i=1}^n\frac{y_i}{{\prod }_{j̸=i}(x_i-x_j)}\prod _{j̸=i}(x-x_j)$$

考虑如何求出$G={\prod }_{j̸=i}(x_i-x_j)$
设$g(x)={\prod }_j(x-x_j)$
$j̸=i$就相当于除以了$x-x_i$

那就变成了$\frac{g(x_i)}{(x-x_i)}$
但是这个分子分母就都是0了，没法直接求

根据洛必达法则：
若
$$\underset{x\to a}{\lim }f(x)=0,\underset{x\to a}{\lim }g(x)=0$$

有
$$\underset{x\to a}{\lim }\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\underset{x\to a}{\lim }\frac{f^{\prime }(x)}{g^{\prime }(x)}$$

同时取导得到$G=g^{\prime }(x_i)$
接下来考虑对整个式子分治
设$f_{l,r}$表示分治$[l,r]$得到的答案

$$f_{l,r}=\sum _{i=l}^r\frac{y_i}{g^{\prime }(x_i)}\prod _{j̸=i}(x-x_j)$$

$$=\prod _{k=mid+1}^r(x-x_k)\sum _{i=l}^{mid}\frac{y_i}{g^{\prime }(x_i)}\prod _{j̸=i}^{[l,mid]}(x-x_j)+\prod _{k=l}^{mid}(x-x_k)\sum _{i=mid+1}^r\frac{y_i}{g^{\prime }(x_i)}\prod _{j̸=i}^{[mid+1,r]}(x-x_j)$$

$$=\prod _{i=mid+1}^r(x-x_i)f_{l,mid}+\prod _{i=l}^{mid}(x-x_i)f_{mid+1，r}$$

先分治$ntt$求出$g$，多点求值把$g^{\prime }(x_i)$求出来再分治一波就完了

复杂度$O(nlo{g}^{2}n)$

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int RLEN=1<<20|1;
inline char gc(){
	static char ibuf[RLEN],*ib,*ob;
	(ob==ib)&&(ob=(ib=ibuf)+fread(ibuf,1,RLEN,stdin));
	return (ob==ib)?EOF:*ib++;
}
#define gc getchar
inline int read(){
	char ch=gc();
	int res=0,f=1;
	while(!isdigit(ch))f^=ch=='-',ch=gc();
	while(isdigit(ch))res=(res+(res<<2)<<1)+(ch^48),ch=gc();
	return f?res:-res;
}
#define ll long long	
#define re register
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define cs const
const int mod=998244353,G=3;
inline int add(int a,int b){return a+b>=mod?a+b-mod:a+b;}
inline void Add(int &a,int b){a=add(a,b);}
inline int dec(int a,int b){return a>=b?a-b:a-b+mod;}
inline void Dec(int &a,int b){a=dec(a,b);}
inline int mul(int a,int b){return 1ll*a*b>=mod?1ll*a*b%mod:a*b;}
inline void Mul(int &a,int b){a=mul(a,b);}
inline int ksm(int a,int b,int res=1){for(;b;b>>=1,a=mul(a,a))(b&1)?(res=mul(res,a)):0;return res;}
inline void chemx(int &a,int b){a<b?a=b:0;}
inline void chemn(int &a,int b){a>b?a=b:0;}
cs int N=(1<<17)+1,C=20;
#define poly vector<int>
#define bg begin
poly w[C+1];
int rev[N<<2];
inline void init_rev(int lim){
	for(int i=0;i<lim;i++)rev[i]=(rev[i>>1]>>1)|((i&1)*(lim>>1));
}
inline void init_w(){
	for(int i=1;i<=C;i++)w[i].resize((1<<(i-1)));
	int wn=ksm(G,(mod-1)/(1<<C));
	w[C][0]=1;
	for(int i=1;i<(1<<(C-1));i++)
	w[C][i]=mul(w[C][i-1],wn);
	for(int i=C-1;i;i--)
	for(int j=0;j<(1<<(i-1));j++)
	w[i][j]=w[i+1][j<<1];
}
inline void ntt(poly &f,int lim,int kd){
	for(int i=0;i<lim;i++)if(i>rev[i])swap(f[i],f[rev[i]]);
	for(int mid=1,l=1;mid<lim;mid<<=1,l++)
	for(int i=0,a0,a1;i<lim;i+=(mid<<1))
		for(int j=0;j<mid;j++){
			a0=f[i+j],a1=mul(f[i+j+mid],w[l][j]);
			f[i+j]=add(a0,a1),f[i+j+mid]=dec(a0,a1);
		}
	if(kd==-1){
		reverse(f.begin()+1,f.begin()+lim);
		for(int i=0,inv=ksm(lim,mod-2);i<lim;i++)Mul(f[i],inv);
	}
}
inline int F(cs poly a,int x){
	int p=1,res=0;
	for(int i=0;i<a.size();i++,Mul(p,x))Add(res,mul(a[i],p));
	return res;
}
inline poly operator +(cs poly &a,cs poly &b){
	poly c(max(a.size(),b.size()),0);
	for(int i=0;i<c.size();i++)c[i]=add(a[i],b[i]);
	return c;
}
inline poly operator -(cs poly &a,cs poly &b){
	poly c(max(a.size(),b.size()),0);
	for(int i=0;i<c.size();i++)c[i]=dec(a[i],b[i]);
	return c;
}
inline poly operator *(poly a,poly b){
	int deg=a.size()+b.size()-1,lim=1;
	if(deg<=128){
		poly c(deg,0);
		for(int i=0;i<a.size();i++)
		for(int j=0;j<b.size();j++)
		Add(c[i+j],mul(a[i],b[j]));
		return c;
	}
	while(lim<deg)lim<<=1;
	init_rev(lim);
	a.resize(lim),ntt(a,lim,1);
	b.resize(lim),ntt(b,lim,1);
	for(int i=0;i<lim;i++)Mul(a[i],b[i]);
	ntt(a,lim,-1),a.resize(deg);
	return a;
}
inline poly Inv(poly a,int deg){
	poly b,c(1,ksm(a[0],mod-2));
	for(int lim=4;lim<(deg<<2);lim<<=1){
		b=a,b.resize(lim>>1);
		init_rev(lim);
		b.resize(lim),ntt(b,lim,1);
		c.resize(lim),ntt(c,lim,1);
		for(int i=0;i<lim;i++)Mul(c[i],dec(2,mul(b[i],c[i])));
		ntt(c,lim,-1),c.resize(lim>>1);
	}c.resize(deg);return c;
}
inline poly operator /(poly a,poly b){
	int lim=1,deg=a.size()-b.size()+1;
	reverse(a.bg(),a.end());
	reverse(b.bg(),b.end());
	while(lim<deg)lim<<=1;
	b=Inv(b,lim),b.resize(deg);
	a=a*b,a.resize(deg);
	reverse(a.bg(),a.end());
	return a;
}
inline poly operator %(poly a,poly b){
	poly c=a-(a/b)*b;
	c.resize(b.size()-1);
	return c;
}
inline poly deriv(poly a){
	for(int i=0;i<a.size()-1;i++)a[i]=mul(a[i+1],i+1);
	a.pop_back();return a;
}
#define lc (u<<1)
#define rc ((u<<1)|1)
#define mid ((l+r)>>1)
poly f[N<<2];
int n,x[N],y[N],g[N];
inline void build(int u,int l,int r){
	if(l==r){f[u].pb(mod-x[l]),f[u].pb(1);return;}
	build(lc,l,mid),build(rc,mid+1,r);
	f[u]=f[lc]*f[rc];
}
inline void calc(int u,int l,int r,poly res){
	if(l==r){
		g[l]=mul(ksm(F(res,x[l]),mod-2),y[l]);
		return;
	}
	calc(lc,l,mid,res%f[lc]),calc(rc,mid+1,r,res%f[rc]);
}
inline poly getans(int u,int l,int r){
	if(l==r)return poly(1,g[l]);
	poly ansl=getans(lc,l,mid),ansr=getans(rc,mid+1,r);
	return ansl*f[rc]+ansr*f[lc];
}
int main(){
	n=read();
	init_w();
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)x[i]=read(),y[i]=read();
	build(1,1,n);
	calc(1,1,n,deriv(f[1]));
	poly ans=getans(1,1,n);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)cout<<ans[i]<<" ";
}