Win10下MSVC(VS2017)+OpenCV4.1.0+VSCode进行c++代码编译与调试

为vscode配置opencv、c++环境

vscode需求

• 安装C/C++扩展
  

cl.exe设置

第一种方法 从VS的Developer Command Prompt启动vscode

官方推荐从Developer Command Prompt启动vscode。这样不需要额外设置环境变量就能正常使用cl命令编译cpp文件。见此处
而Developer Command Prompt一般有四个，分别对应x86_x64平台，x86平台，x64平台，x64_x86平台

我用的opencv是64位版，所以这里用x86_64的，对应vs2017中的x64配置，

第二种方法 设置环境变量

lib变量

C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.17763.0\ucrt\x64  
X:\Program Files\VS2017\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\lib\x64
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1A\Lib\x64

include变量

X:\Program Files\VS2017\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\include
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.17763.0\ucrt

Path中加入

X:\Program Files\VS2017\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\bin\Hostx86\x64

以上变量的加入最好上移到其他版本vs的变量之上。
这种方法的效果是，无论powershell还是cmd打开之后都能作为x86_x64的Developer Command Prompt使用

示例（第二种方法配置测试可行）：

文件夹结构：

|--workdir	//即工作文件夹
	|-- main.cpp	//主程序
	|-- .vscode	//vscode配置文件夹
		|-- c_cpp_properties.json	//设置包含目录以查找头文件
		|-- tasks.json	//设置编译时所需的头文件、库文件
		|-- launch.json	//调试必需的文件

测试主程序：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

int main()
{
    cout<<"Hey"<<endl;
    cv::Mat img0 = cv::imread("./material.bmp");//代码同一文件夹下的图片名
    cv::imshow("test0",img0);
    cv::waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "D:/Libs/opencv4.1.0/include",
                "D:/Libs/opencv4.1.0/include/opencv2"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.17763.0",
            "compilerPath": "F:/Program Files/VS2017/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/Hostx86/x64/cl.exe",
            "intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "cl.exe build active file",
            "command": "cl.exe",
            "args": [
                "/Zi",
                "/EHsc",
                "/Fe:",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "${file}",
                "/I",
                "D:/Libs/opencv4.1.0/include",
                "/I",
                "D:/Libs/opencv4.1.0/include/opencv2",
                "/link",
                "D:/Libs/opencv4.1.0/x64/vc15/lib/opencv_world410.lib"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": "build"
        }
    ]
}

launch.json

{
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "cl.exe build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "preLaunchTask": "cl.exe build active file"
        }
    ]
}