【设计模式】之二十三种设计模式--原型模式

原型模式

Specify the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance,and create new objects by copying this prototype.
(用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。)
不通过new关键字产生一个对象，而是通过对象复制来实现的模式叫做原型模式。

通用源码

C++可以重写拷贝构造函数实现对象的复制
java需要依赖Cloneable接口重写clone函数,如:

public class PrototypeClass implements Cloneable {
    @Override
    public PrototypeClass clone() {
        PrototypeClass prototypeClass = null;
        try {
            prototypeClass = (PrototypeClass) super.clone();
        } catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            //异常处理
        }
        return prototypeClass;
    }
}

优点

性能优良，是内存二进制流的拷贝，比new对象的性能好很多
逃避构造函数的约束

使用场景

资源优化场景，初始化需要消耗非常多的资源时
性能和安全要求的场景，通过new产生镀锡需要非常繁琐的数据准备或访问权限时
一个对象多个修改者的场景

注意事项

构造函数不会被执行
深拷贝和浅拷贝，不会被拷贝的成员变量:类的成员变量；可变的引用对象；
使用clone方法，类的成员变量不要增加final关键字，否则会产生冲突

示例代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class AdvTemplate {
private:
    const string advSubject = "xx银行国庆信用卡抽奖活动";
    const string advContext = "国庆抽奖活动通知：只要刷卡就送你一百万！...";
public:
    string getAdvSubject() {
        return advSubject;
    }
    string getAdvContext() {
        return advContext;
    }
};

class Mail {
private:
    string receiver;
    string subject;
    string appellation;
    string context;
    string tail;
public:
    Mail(AdvTemplate advTemplate) {
        context = advTemplate.getAdvContext();
        subject = advTemplate.getAdvSubject();
    }
    Mail(const Mail &mail) {
        receiver = mail.receiver;
        subject = mail.subject;
        appellation = mail.appellation;
        context = mail.context;
        tail = mail.tail;
    }
    Mail & operator=(const Mail &mail) {
        receiver = mail.receiver;
        subject = mail.subject;
        appellation = mail.appellation;
        context = mail.context;
        tail = mail.tail;
        return *this;
    }
    string getReceiver() {
        return receiver;
    }
    void setReceiver(string &s) {
        receiver = s;
    }
    string getSubject() {
        return subject;
    }
    void setSubject(string &s) {
        subject = s;
    }
    string getAppellation() {
        return appellation;
    }
    void setAppellation(string &s) {
        appellation = s;
    }
    string getContext() {
        return context;
    }
    void setContext(string &s) {
        context = s;
    }
    string getTail() {
        return tail;
    }
    void setTail(string &s) {
        tail = s;
    }
};

void sendMail(Mail &mail) {
    cout << "title: " << mail.getSubject() << "\treceiver: " << mail.getReceiver() 
    << "\t...send successful!" << endl;
}

string getRandString() {
    static int n = 0;
    string source = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    string name = source.substr(n, 5);
    n+=5;
    return name;
}

int main() {
    int nums = 3;
    string tail = "xx银行版权所有";
    Mail mail = Mail(AdvTemplate());
    mail.setTail(tail);
    while(nums != 0) {
        string name = getRandString();
        name.append("先生(女士)");
        mail.setAppellation(name);
        string receiver = getRandString();
        receiver.append("@test");
        mail.setReceiver(receiver);
        Mail clonemail = Mail(mail);
        sendMail(clonemail);
        nums--;
    }
    return 0;
}