《Python编程从入门到实践》的项目一：外星人入侵（完整）

飞船左右移动，发射子弹射击入侵的外星人（带音效）

🍋 游戏效果

🎈 下载游戏

👉点击这里下载游戏👈

• 运行下载的游戏 -> 更多信息 -> 仍要运行
  
  

🎯 游戏功能说明

按键	功能说明
←	火箭向左移动
→	火箭向右移动
Space	火箭发射子弹
r	重新开始游戏
w	暂停游戏
c	继续游戏
Esc	退出游戏

🎄 代码

alien_invasion.py（主文件）

import pygame
import game_functions as gf
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from all_music import bg_music


def run_game():
    """ 初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象"""
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    # 初始化声音播放模块
    pygame.mixer.init()

    # 创建Play按钮
    play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")
    continue_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Continue")

    # 创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例, 并创建记分牌
    stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
    sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)

    # 创建一艘飞船、一个子弹编组和一个外星人编组
    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
    bullets = Group()
    aliens = Group()
    # 创建外星人群
    gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
    # 加载背景音乐
    bg_music()
    """ 开始游戏的主循环"""
    while True:
        """ 监视键盘和鼠标事件"""
        gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets)

        if stats.game_active:
            gf.play_bg_music()
            ship.update()
            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, bullets, aliens)
            gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button, continue_button)


run_game()

game_functions.py

import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
import json
import all_music as am
import os
import sys


def get_resource_path(relative_path):
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)


def play_bg_music():
    # 检查背景音乐流播放，有返回True，没有返回False    如果没有音乐流则选择播放
    """ 此方法同Sound方法一样！都是以流的方式呈现。一直播放需要使用while循环！"""
    if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
        pygame.mixer.music.play(loops=0,start=0)


def pause_bg_music():
    # 暂停背景音乐
    """ 此方法同Sound方法一样！都是以流的方式呈现。一直播放需要使用while循环！"""
    if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
        pygame.mixer.music.pause()


def check_high_score(stats, sb):
    """ 检查是否诞生了新的最高得分"""
    if stats.score > stats.high_score:
        stats.high_score = stats.score
        sb.prep_high_score()


def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """ 检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底部"""
    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
            """ 像飞船被撞到一样进行处理"""
            am.explosion_large()
            ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
            break


def ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """ 响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""

    if stats.ships_left > 0:
        am.explosion_large()
        # 将ships_left减一
        stats.ships_left -= 1

        # 更新记分牌
        sb.prep_ships()

        # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()

        # 创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底部中央
        create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
        ship.center_ship()

        # 暂停
        sleep(0.5)
    else:
        stats.game_active = False
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)


def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
    """ 将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1


def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
    """ 有外星人到达边缘时采取向右相应的措施"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
            break


def update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """ 检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，并更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
    aliens.update()
    """ 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞"""
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
        ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
    """ 检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底部"""
    check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)


def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
    """ 计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
    return number_rows


def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
    """ 计算每行可容纳多少个外星人"""
    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
    return number_aliens_x


def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
    """ 创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行"""
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
    aliens.add(alien)


def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
    """ 创建外星人群"""
    # 创建一个外星人，并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)

    # 创建外星人群
    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
            """创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行"""
            create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)


def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    """ 如果还没有到达限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
    """ 创建一颗子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中"""

    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        am.bullet_whiz()
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)


def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, stats, sb, aliens):
    """ 响应按键"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
        # 退出游戏
        with open(get_resource_path('high_score.json'), 'w') as f_obj:
            json.dump(stats.high_score, f_obj)
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
    elif event.key == pygame.K_r:
        # 重新开始游戏
        start_play_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
        stats.game_active = True
        stats.continue_active = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_w:
        # 暂停游戏
        # 显示光标
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
        stats.continue_active = True
        stats.game_active = False
        # pause_bg_music()
    #     sleep(3600)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_c:
        # 继续游戏
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
        stats.continue_active = False
        stats.game_active = True


def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
    """ 响应松开"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False


def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):
    """ 在玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
    button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)
    if button_clicked:
        # start_play_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
        stats.game_active = True
        stats.continue_active = False


def start_play_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    if not stats.game_active:
        # 重置游戏设置
        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()

        # 隐藏光标
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
        # 重置游戏统计信息
        stats.reset_stats()
        stats.game_active = True

        # 重置记分牌图像
        sb.prep_score()
        sb.prep_high_score()
        sb.prep_level()
        sb.prep_ships()

        # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()

        # 创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
        create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
        ship.center_ship()


def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """ 响应按键和鼠标事件"""
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            with open(get_resource_path('high_score.json'), 'w') as f_obj:
                json.dump(stats.high_score, f_obj)
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets, stats, sb, aliens)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event, ship)
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)


def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button, continue_button):
    """ 更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
    # 每次循环时都会重绘屏幕
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
    """ 在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹"""
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    ship.blit_me()
    aliens.draw(screen)
    # 显示得分
    sb.show_score()
    # 如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制Play按钮
    if (stats.game_active is False) & (stats.continue_active is False):
        play_button.draw_button()
    elif stats.continue_active is True:
        continue_button.draw_button()
    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
    pygame.display.flip()


def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, bullets, aliens):
    """ 更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""
    # 更新子弹的位置
    bullets.update()
    # 删除已消失的子弹
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)

    check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)


def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """ 响应子弹和外星人的碰撞"""
    """ 检查是否有子弹击中了外星人，如果击中就删除相应的子弹和外星人"""
    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)

    if collisions:
        am.explosion_small()
        for aliens in collisions.values():
            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
            sb.prep_score()
        check_high_score(stats, sb)

    if len(aliens) == 0:
        """ 删除现有的子弹,加快游戏节奏，并新建一群外星人"""
        # 如果整群外星人都被消灭，就提高一个等级
        bullets.empty()
        ai_settings.increase_speed()

        start_new_level(stats, sb)

        create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)


def start_new_level(stats, sb):
    # 提高等级
    stats.level += 1
    sb.prep_level()

settings.py

class Settings():
    """ 存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""

    def __init__(self):
        """ 初始化游戏的静态设置"""
        # 屏幕设置
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 750
        self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)

        """ 飞船的设置"""
        self.ship_limit = 3

        """ 子弹设置"""
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60
        self.bullets_allowed = 3

        """ 外星人设置"""
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

        """ 以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏"""
        self.speedup_scale = 1.2
        """ 外星人点数的提高速度"""
        self.score_scale = 1.2

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()

    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        """ 初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
        self.alien_speed_factor = 1

        """ fleet_direction 为1表示向右移，为-1表示向左移"""
        self.fleet_direction = 1

        # 记分
        self.alien_points = 10 * self.speedup_scale

    def increase_speed(self):
        """ 提高速度设置"""
        self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

ship.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

import os
import sys


def get_resource_path(relative_path):
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)


class Ship(Sprite):

    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
        """ 初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        super(Ship, self).__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load(get_resource_path('images/ship.bmp'))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        # 将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom

        # 在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

        """ 移动标志"""
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        """ 根据移动标志调整飞船的位置
            更新飞船的center值，而不是rect"""
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        # 根据 self.center 更新 rect对象
        self.rect.centerx = self.center

    def blit_me(self):
        """ 在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def center_ship(self):
        """ 让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
        self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

bulltet.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite


class Bullet(Sprite):
    """ 一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
        """ 在飞船所在的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
        super(Bullet, self).__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        """ 在(0, 0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置"""
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
        """ 存储用小数表示的子弹位置"""
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

    def update(self):
        """ 向上移动子弹"""
        # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值
        self.y -= self.speed_factor
        # 更新表示子弹的rect的位置
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        """ 在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
# 获取路径
import os, sys


def get_resource_path(relative_path):
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)


class Alien(Sprite):
    """ 表示单个外星人的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
        """ 初始化外星人并设置其起始地址"""
        super(Alien, self).__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        # 加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性
        self.image = pygame.image.load(get_resource_path('images/alien.png'))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        # 存储外星人的准确位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def blit_me(self):
        """ 在指定位置绘制外星人"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def update(self):
        """ 向左或向右移动外星人"""
        self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x

    def check_edges(self):
        """ 如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
            return True
        elif self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

button.py

import pygame.font


class Button():

    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):
        """ 初始化按钮的属性"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
        self.width, self.height = 200, 50
        self.button_color = (33, 33, 33)
        self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)

        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        # 按钮的标签只需创建一次
        self.prep_msg(msg)

    def prep_msg(self, msg):
        """ 将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

    def draw_button(self):
        """绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本"""
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

game_stats.py

import pygame.font


class Button():

    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):
        """ 初始化按钮的属性"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
        self.width, self.height = 200, 50
        self.button_color = (33, 33, 33)
        self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)

        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        # 按钮的标签只需创建一次
        self.prep_msg(msg)

    def prep_msg(self, msg):
        """ 将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

    def draw_button(self):
        """绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本"""
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

scoreboard.py

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship


class Scoreboard():
    """ 显示得分信息的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):
        """ 初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.stats = stats

        # 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
        self.text_color = (0, 0, 0)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
        self.prep_images()

    def prep_images(self):
        # 准备包含 最高得分、当前得分、游戏等级、飞船 的图像
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()

    def prep_score(self):
        """ 将得分转换为一副渲染的图像"""
        rouned_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))
        score_str = 'score:'+"{:,}".format(round(rouned_score))
        self.score_iamge = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        """ 将得分放在屏幕右上角"""
        self.score_rect = self.score_iamge.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 6
        self.score_rect.top = 12

    def show_score(self):
        """ 在屏幕上显示飞船和得分"""
        self.screen.blit(self.score_iamge, self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_iamge, self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
        # 绘制飞船
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)

    def prep_high_score(self):
        """ 将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""
        high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))
        high_score_str = 'Highest: '+"{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_iamge = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        # 将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_iamge.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top

    def prep_level(self):
        """ 将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
        self.level_image = self.font.render('level:'+str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        # 将等级放在得分下方
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10

    def prep_ships(self):
        """ 显示还余下多少艘飞船"""
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
            ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)

all_music.py

import pygame
import os
import sys


def get_resource_path(relative_path):
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)


def explosion_large():
    # 外星人到达了屏幕底部或者撞到飞船的大爆炸声
    explosion_large = pygame.mixer.Sound(get_resource_path("music/Explo_Large.wav"))
    explosion_large.play()


def explosion_small():
    # 增加子弹和外星人碰撞的小爆炸声
    explosion_small = pygame.mixer.Sound(get_resource_path("music/Explo_Small.wav"))
    explosion_small.play()


def bullet_whiz():
    # 增加子弹射出的biu声
    bullet_whiz = pygame.mixer.Sound(get_resource_path("music/Bullet_Whiz.wav"))
    bullet_whiz.play()


def bg_music():
    # 游戏背景音乐（若游戏开始就一直播放）
    pygame.mixer.music.load(get_resource_path("music/order_music.mp3"))

外星人图片：

飞船图片：

🍧 源码地址：https://github.com/babyAnnie/python_game

网上很多免费的图片和音频，大家可以自己找下想要的图片音频。

免费提供图形的网站：pixabay https://pixabay.com/
免费提供音乐的网站：爱给 http://www.aigei.com/music