操作系统实验（13）多线程执行中的互斥与同步、多消费者多生产者问题（更新）

4、分析理解多线程执行中的互斥与同步

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<linux/sem.h>
#include<pthread.h>
int P(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = -1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

	// 进行p操作
	if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "P failed\n");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}
int V(int sem_id) // 释放资源
{
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = 1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

	// 进行v操作
	if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "V failed\n");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}
int n;
int product, empty;
void* eat(void* args)
{
	while (1)
	{
		printf("儿子想吃水果\n");
		sem_wait(&product);
		sem_getvalue(&product, &n);
		printf("儿子吃完水果了，现在有 %d 个水果\n", n);
		sem_post(&empty);
		sleep(1);
	}
}
void* put_fruit(void* args)
{
	while (1) 
	{
		printf("主线程开始放水果\n");
		sem_wait(&empty);
		sleep(1);
		sem_post(&product);
		sem_getvalue(&product, &n);
		printf("放入水果完成，现在有 %d 个水果 \n", n);
	}
}
int main()
{
	pthread_t threadP, threadC;
	void* thread_result1,* thread_result2;
	int semi, ret1, ret2;
	semi = sem_init(&empty, 0, 5); //初始设置5个空资源，生产者可连续放入5次
	if (semi == -1) 
	{
		printf("empty非空，创建失败！ \n");
		return -1;
	}
	semi = sem_init(&product, 0, 0);        //初始设置0个产品数
	if (semi == -1) 
	{
		printf("初始化失败！ \n");
		return -1;
	}
	ret1 = pthread_create(&threadC, NULL, eat, NULL);
	ret2 = pthread_create(&threadP, NULL, put_fruit, NULL);
	if (ret1 != 0 | ret2 != 0) 
	{
		printf("线程创建失败！ \n");
		return -1;
	}
	ret1 = pthread_join(threadC, &thread_result1);
	ret2 = pthread_join(threadP, &thread_result2);
	if (ret1 != 0 || ret2 != 0)
	{
		perror("线程执行失败！\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	return 0;
}

分析：
一个线程进行放水果，一个线程吃水果。两者中product、empty作为信号量。其中讲吃水果的sleep时间分别设置1和10，比较了不同吃水果时间下的输出。

4、多线程编程实现一群生产者和一群消费者的生产和消费过程，使他们之间符合如下逻辑：没有产品不能消费，没有空不能放入

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<signal.h>
#define SIZE 1024
int e, f, m, m2;
char ch;
int in = 0, out = 0;
int inok = 0, outok = 0;
int shmin, shmout;
int* shminaddr, * shmoutaddr;
int waitsem(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = -1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "P failed\n");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}
int signalsem(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = 1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "V failed\n");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}
int main()
{
	pid_t pid;
	pid_t pids[20];
	int i = 0;

	shmin = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, SIZE, IPC_CREAT | 0600);
	shmout = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, SIZE, IPC_CREAT | 0600);
	shminaddr = 0;
	shmoutaddr = 0;
	e = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	f = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	m = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	m2 = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	semctl(e, 0, SETVAL, 10);
	semctl(f, 0, SETVAL, 0);
	semctl(m, 0, SETVAL, 1);
	semctl(m2, 0, SETVAL, 1);

	for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
	{
		pid = fork();
		if (pid > 0)
		{
			pids[i] = pid;
		}
		if (pid == 0 && i % 2 == 0)
		{
			shminaddr = (int*)shmat(shmin, NULL, 0);
			printf("PRODUCER %d is beginning\n", i / 2);
			while (1)
			{
				waitsem(e);
				waitsem(m);
				printf("PRODUCER PUT OK,in=%d,IN=%d \n", in++, inok % 10);
				sleep(rand() % 2);
				signalsem(m);
				signalsem(f);
			}
		}
		if (pid == 0 && i % 2 == 1)
		{
			shmoutaddr = (int*)shmat(shmout, NULL, 0);
			printf("CONSUMER %d is beginning \n", i / 2 + i % 2);
			while (1)
			{
				waitsem(f);
				waitsem(m2);
				sleep(rand() % 6);
				outok = (*shmoutaddr)++;
				printf("CONSEMER PUT OK,out=%d,OUT=%d \n", out++, outok % 10);
				signalsem(m2);
				signalsem(e);
			}
		}
	}

	do
	{
		ch = getchar();
		if (ch == 'q')
		{
			for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
			{
				kill(pids[i], SIGTERM);
			}
		}
	} while (ch != 'q');
	
	return 0;
}

分析：
多个生产者和多个消费者同时共享一个n大小的缓冲区，且缓冲区一次只能允许一个进程使用。
生产者对e申请后才能向下执行，放入产品后会释放f信号，消费者相反。