Django安装,项目创建和配置文件以及项目启动
安装
pip/pip3 install django==2.1
加速下载:
pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple django==2.1
项目创建
使用pycharm创建项目
配置文件
设置settings.py文件中的内容
"""
Django settings for Django project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.2.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
# F:\Django\Django\settings.py
# F:\Django\
# 获取到项目的根路径
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
# 生成用户名的时候,加密字符串
SECRET_KEY = 'kmm(1)s^2)baw2+@+*9ac)lvjt46*#oo=%)&ye=9=2+szcumho'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
# 开启调试模式
DEBUG = True
# 允许访问的主机域名或ip
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
# 新建app需要手动加入到这里
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app00.apps.App00Config',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'Django.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')] # 指定模板路径
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Django.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
# 'default': {
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
# }
# 连接mysql
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'test',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
'PORT': 3306,
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/
# 后台admin的语言
# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
# 时间
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/
# 静态文件的路由(url)地址
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 静态文件的路径地址
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)
-
开启调试模式
-
连接mysql数据库,django默认支持sqlite3,故设置为mysql
-
设置后台admin的语言
-
设置时间
-
静态文件的路由(url)地址
-
静态文件的路径地址
项目启动
项目启动这里会遇到许多坑
- 已安装了 PyMySQL 驱动,但 Django 连接 MySQL 时仍默认使用 MySQLdb 驱动,但 MySQLdb 并不支持 Python3,所以需要手动在项目中进行配置。
项目根目录下的 init.py 文件中添加如下代码:
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
再次执行命令时,还是会报错
找到下面的文件
version = Database.version_info
# if version < (1, 3, 7):
# raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.7 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)
注释if的两行代码
对数据库进行迁移操作,在根目录下执行命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
然而,还是会报错
安装mysqlclient
然后把刚刚__init__()文件下的代码替换为 import MySQLdb
之后就能跑通了