python外星人入侵小项目（七）

python外星人入侵小项目（一）
python外星人入侵小项目（二）
python外星人入侵小项目（三）
python外星人入侵小项目（四）
python外星人入侵小项目（五）
python外星人入侵小项目（六）

让外星人群移动

下面来让外星人群在屏幕上向右移动，撞到屏幕边缘后下移一定的距离，再沿相反的方向移动。我们将不断地移动所有的外星人，直到所有外星人都被消灭，有外星人撞上飞 船，或有外星人抵达屏幕底端。
settings.py

class Settings():
    """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的设置"""
        # 屏幕设置
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
        # 飞船的设置
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        # 子弹设置
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 1
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60
        self.bullets_allowed = 3
        self.alien_speed_factor = 1
        self.alien_speed_factor = 1
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        # fleet_direction为1表示向右移，为-1表示向左移
        self.fleet_direction = 1

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
    """表示单个外星人的类"""
    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
        """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""
        super(Alien, self).__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        # 加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height
        # 存储外星人的准确位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制外星人"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def check_edges(self):
        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
            return True
        elif self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

    def update(self):
        """向左或向右移动外星人"""
        self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x

alien_invasion.py

import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group

def run_game():
    # 初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    # 创建一艘飞船
    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
    bullets = Group()
    aliens = Group()
    # 创建外星人群
    gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
    while True:
        gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
        ship.update()
        gf.update_bullets(bullets)
        gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, aliens)
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
run_game()

game_functions.py

import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien

def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    """响应按键"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
        sys.exit()

def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    """如果还没有到达限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
    # 创建新子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中
    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)

def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
    """响应松开"""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event, ship)

def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
    # 每次循环时都重绘屏幕
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    ship.blitme()
    aliens.draw(screen)
    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
    pygame.display.flip()

def update_bullets(bullets):
    """更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""
    # 更新子弹的位置
    bullets.update()
    # 删除已消失的子弹
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
    """计算每行可容纳多少个外星人"""
    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
    return number_aliens_x

def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
    """计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (7 * alien_height) - ship_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
    return number_rows

def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
    """创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行"""
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
    aliens.add(alien)

def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
    """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
            break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
    """将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def update_aliens(ai_settings, aliens):
    """ 检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，并更新整群外星人的位置 """
    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
    aliens.update()

def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
    """创建外星人群"""
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
    # 创建外星人群
    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
            create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)