OpenGL画三角形

步骤1：VERTEX SHADER
处理顶点，专门对顶点进行操作

步骤2： SHAPE ASSEMBLY
将图1输进来的顶点组成线、面，哪些点连成线，哪些点连成面，哪些点单独存在

步骤3：GEOMETRY SHADER
在图2的基础上可以插入点，补点进去

步骤4：RASTERIZATION
光栅化：（矢量转栅格）

步骤5：FRAGMENT SHADER
着色：给格子上色

步骤6：TESTS AND BLENDING
深度测试和混合

画三角形

#define GLEW_STATIC  //glew32s.lib
#include<GL\glew.h>
#include<GLFW\glfw3.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>


//键盘回调函数原型声明
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);

//定义程序常量
const int WINDOW_WIDTH = 800, WINDOW_HEIGHT = 600;


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	// 开启OpenGL 3.3 core profile
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); //主版本号
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); //次版本号
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
	
	
	//create OpenGL GLFW Window
	GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, "OpenglWindow", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window!" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();  //终止glfw
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); // 创建的窗口的context指定为当前context


	// 初始化GLEW 获取OpenGL函数
	glewExperimental = true;  // 让glew获取所有拓展函数
	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
	{
		std::cout << "Failed to Init GLEW" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	
	glViewport(0, 0, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);   //设置视口参数
	//glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);  //剔除面
	//glCullFace(GL_BACK);  //剔除背面
	//glCullFace(GL_FRONT);  //剔除正面
	//glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);  //使用线框模式绘制图形

	
	//section1:准备顶点数据
	// 指定顶点属性数据 顶点位置
	GLfloat vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  //0
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  //1
		 0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  //2
		 //0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
		 //0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,
		 //0.8f,0.8f,0.0f     //3	
	}; 
	//0，1，2是第一个三角形；  2，1，3是第二个三角形

	//创建缓存对象
	GLuint VAO, VBO;

	//step1:创建并绑定VAO对象（VAO:vertex array object）
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	//step2:创建并绑定VBO对象 (VBO:vertex buffer object)
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

	//step3:分配空间，将数据传送到GPU中
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	//step4:指定解析方式，并启用顶点属性
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GL_FLOAT), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	///解除绑定（暂时解除绑定，能够防止后续操作干扰到了当前VAO和VBO）
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
	glBindVertexArray(0);



	//section2:准备着色器程序
	//step1：准备着色器 源程序
	const GLchar *vertexShaderSource =
		"#version 330 core                                 \n"  //指定GLSL版本3.3
		"layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;                \n"  //顶点属性索引
		"void main() {                                     \n"
		"gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);} \n";  //输出顶点


	const GLchar *fragmentShaderSource =
		"#version 330 core                           \n"
		"out vec4 FragColor;                         \n"  //输出片元颜色
		"void main() {                               \n"
		"FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);}  \n";
	
	//step2：创建shader object
	//顶点着色器
	GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(vertexShader);

	//错误处理
	GLint compileStatus = 0;
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compileStatus);//检查编译状态
	if (compileStatus == GL_FALSE)  //获取错误报告
	{
		GLint maxLength = 0;
		glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
		std::vector<GLchar> errLog(maxLength);
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, maxLength, &maxLength, &errLog[0]);
		std::cout << "Error::shader vertex shader compile failed," << &errLog[0] << std::endl;
	}

	// 片元着色器
	GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

	//错误处理
	glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compileStatus);
	if (compileStatus == GL_FALSE)
	{
		GLint maxLength = 0;
		glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
		std::vector<GLchar> errLog(maxLength);
		glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, maxLength, &maxLength, &errLog[0]);
		std::cout << "Error::shader fragment shader compile failed," << &errLog[0] << std::endl;
	}

	// Step3 链接形成 shader program object
	GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

	//链接错误处理
	GLint linkStatus;
	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linkStatus);
	if (linkStatus == GL_FALSE)
	{
		GLint maxLength = 0;
		glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
		std::vector<GLchar> errLog(maxLength);
		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, maxLength, &maxLength, &errLog[0]);
		std::cout << "Error::shader link failed," << &errLog[0] << std::endl;
	}

	/// 链接完成后detach
	glDetachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glDetachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	/// 不需要连接到其他程序时 释放空间
	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
	
	
	// 开始游戏主循环
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		glfwPollEvents(); // 处理例如鼠标 键盘等事件

		// 清除颜色缓冲区 重置为指定颜色
		glClearColor(0.18f, 0.04f, 0.14f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		// 这里填写场景绘制代码
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);  //使用VAO信息
		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);  //使用着色器
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);  //使用VBO数据绘制物体

		glBindVertexArray(0);
		glUseProgram(0);

		glfwSwapBuffers(window); // 交换缓存
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	// 释放资源
	glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}



void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	}
}

程序运行结果：