Yolov5(tag v7.0)目标检测网络结构解读，以yolov5s为例

最近yolov5用的多，发现确实好用，于是较深入学了一下。下面按照训练的流程梳理一下网络的结构，同时也是自己记一下便于后面查阅。
同时，我也查了一些关于yolov5网络结构介绍的资料，发现大多是v5.0，少数v6.0的，我是从v7.0开始用，所以对比v7.0的代码有出入，于是打算梳理一下yolov5s的v7.0版本的网络结构。

1、模型构建， 在train.py下关于模型的定义

# Model
  check_suffix(weights, '.pt')  # check weights
  pretrained = weights.endswith('.pt')
  """定义模型的加载，是否是预训练模型还是配置文件格式的网络结构"""
  if pretrained:
      with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK):
          weights = attempt_download(weights)  # download if not found locally
      ckpt = torch.load(weights, map_location='cpu')  # load checkpoint to CPU to avoid CUDA memory leak
      model = Model(cfg or ckpt['model'].yaml, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device)  # create
      exclude = ['anchor'] if (cfg or hyp.get('anchors')) and not resume else []  # exclude keys
      csd = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict()  # checkpoint state_dict as FP32
      csd = intersect_dicts(csd, model.state_dict(), exclude=exclude)  # intersect
      model.load_state_dict(csd, strict=False)  # load
      LOGGER.info(f'Transferred {len(csd)}/{len(model.state_dict())} items from {weights}')  # report
  else:
  	  """不是预训练模型加载网络配置文件，通过cfg参数传入，可在models下找到，如models/yolov5s.yaml"""
      model = Model(cfg, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device)  # create
      

根据上面的代码，我们看else后面的网络构建方法，这是以配置文件cfg传入，可以进行自定义和修改网络。可以看到 Model 有四个传入参数：

cfg 是网络配置文件
ch 是输入数据维度（通道）rgb图像
nc 是数据集类别数量
anchors 没细看，自查

然后去定义 Model 的位置，找到models.yolo，可以看到：

Model = DetectionModel，DetectionModel继承于BaseModel，BaseModel继承于torch的类nn.Model，基本上知道了模型的构建流程。
再根据参数cfg看一下具体的网络构建：

class DetectionModel(BaseModel):
    # YOLOv5 detection model
    def __init__(self, cfg='yolov5s.yaml', ch=3, nc=None, anchors=None):  # model, input channels, number of classes
        super().__init__()
        if isinstance(cfg, dict):
            self.yaml = cfg  # model dict
        else:  # is *.yaml
            import yaml  # for torch hub
            self.yaml_file = Path(cfg).name
            with open(cfg, encoding='ascii', errors='ignore') as f:
                self.yaml = yaml.safe_load(f)  # model dict

        # Define model
        ch = self.yaml['ch'] = self.yaml.get('ch', ch)  # input channels
        if nc and nc != self.yaml['nc']:
            LOGGER.info(f"Overriding model.yaml nc={self.yaml['nc']} with nc={nc}")
            self.yaml['nc'] = nc  # override yaml value
        if anchors:
            LOGGER.info(f'Overriding model.yaml anchors with anchors={anchors}')
            self.yaml['anchors'] = round(anchors)  # override yaml value
        """self.model是构建好的模型"""
        self.model, self.save = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch])  # model, savelist
        self.names = [str(i) for i in range(self.yaml['nc'])]  # default names
        self.inplace = self.yaml.get('inplace', True)

上面的模型构建代码中，self.model是构建好的模型，可以发现网络构建的具体执行由函数parse_model()完成

self.model, self.save = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch])

从上可以发现函数parse_model()的输入是cfg对应的配置文件，如yolov5s.yaml，ch表示初始输入数据维度（通道），具体看看函数是如何构建网络的，可以结合后面贴上的以yolov5s.yaml为例的内容看

def parse_model(d, ch):  # model_dict, input_channels(3)
    # Parse a YOLOv5 model.yaml dictionary
    LOGGER.info(f"\n{'':>3}{'from':>18}{'n':>3}{'params':>10}  {'module':<40}{'arguments':<30}")
    anchors, nc, gd, gw, act = d['anchors'], d['nc'], d['depth_multiple'], d['width_multiple'], d.get('activation')
    
    """anchors, nc, gd, gw分别是yolov5s的
    
    nc: 80  # number of classes
	depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
	width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
	anchors:
  	- [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  	- [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  	- [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

	"""
    if act:
        Conv.default_act = eval(act)  # redefine default activation, i.e. Conv.default_act = nn.SiLU()
        LOGGER.info(f"{colorstr('activation:')} {act}")  # print
    na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors  # number of anchors
    no = na * (nc + 5)  # number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)
	
	"""开始构建网络"""
    layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1]  # layers, savelist, ch out
    for i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d['backbone'] + d['head']):  # from, number, module, args
    	"""
    	d['backbone'] + d['head']表示yolov5s.yaml的backbone和head的信息
    	f, n, m, args分别对应如下列表中每个单元的信息，f表示从哪一层输入，n表示该模块的数量，m表示模块名称，如Conv，args表示该模块数据进入的具体信息，[64, 6, 2, 2]，64表示输出维度，6表示卷积核大小，2表示卷积步长，第二个2看具体定义
    	[[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   		[-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   		[-1, 3, C3, [128]],
   		[-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   		[-1, 6, C3, [256]],
   		[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   		[-1, 9, C3, [512]],
   		[-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   		[-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
   		[-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 9
  		]
    	"""
        m = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m  # eval strings
        for j, a in enumerate(args):
            with contextlib.suppress(NameError):
                args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a  # eval strings

        n = n_ = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n  # depth gain
        """
        m表示模块名称，通用的模块放一块便于设置输入输出的参数信息c1,c2
        """
        if m in {
                Conv, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, SPPF, DWConv, MixConv2d, Focus, CrossConv,
                BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR, C3SPP, C3Ghost, nn.ConvTranspose2d, DWConvTranspose2d, C3x}:
            """
            c1，c2表示该模块的数据输入输出维度，ch[f]=ch[-1]=3，具体看前面ch定义，表示数据输入维度；args[0]对应上面的64，说明该层输出的数据维度为64
            """
            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
            if c2 != no:  # if not output
                c2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, 8)

            args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]
            if m in {BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR, C3Ghost, C3x}:
                args.insert(2, n)  # number of repeats
                n = 1
        elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:
            args = [ch[f]]
        elif m is Concat:
            c2 = sum(ch[x] for x in f)
        # TODO: channel, gw, gd
        elif m in {Detect, Segment}:
            args.append([ch[x] for x in f])
            if isinstance(args[1], int):  # number of anchors
                args[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)
            if m is Segment:
                args[3] = make_divisible(args[3] * gw, 8)
        elif m is Contract:
            c2 = ch[f] * args[0] ** 2
        elif m is Expand:
            c2 = ch[f] // args[0] ** 2
        else:
            c2 = ch[f]

		"""
		m_ 把模块m （如Conv）和 m 的输入参数 args 进行实例化并通过nn.sequential来把模块连接起来构建成网络
		"""
        m_ = nn.Sequential(*(m(*args) for _ in range(n))) if n > 1 else m(*args)  # module
        t = str(m)[8:-2].replace('__main__.', '')  # module type
        np = sum(x.numel() for x in m_.parameters())  # number params
        m_.i, m_.f, m_.type, m_.np = i, f, t, np  # attach index, 'from' index, type, number params
        LOGGER.info(f'{i:>3}{str(f):>18}{n_:>3}{np:10.0f}  {t:<40}{str(args):<30}')  # print
        save.extend(x % i for x in ([f] if isinstance(f, int) else f) if x != -1)  # append to savelist
        layers.append(m_)
        if i == 0:
            ch = []
        ch.append(c2)
        """ch用于记录各层的输出维度，所以上面每次循环时的ch[f]=ch[-1]都会等于上一层的输出维度，可以保证数据维度对应"""
    return nn.Sequential(*layers), sorted(save)
    """
    最终由layers.append(m_)把各个模块实例化连接后再通过nn.Sequential(*layers)搭建成网络，由此得到model，完成模型构建
    """

下面是yolov5s.yaml的具体内容：

# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 9
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 13

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]],  # 17 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 20 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],  # 23 (P5/32-large)

   [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

2、根据训练过程验证网络结构，结合训练时输出的网络结构信息：

**backbone的前3个C3数量对应yolov5s.yaml的配置3，6，9分别除了3，变为1/3后的1，2，3,和模型深度参数有关depth_multiple: 0.33  model depth multiple**                  
层数，第几层      from  n    params  module                                  arguments
               ch[-1]  数量  参数量 模块名称（m）                           网络结构参数，输入维度，输出维度，卷积核大小，卷积步长
  0                -1  1      3520  models.common.Conv                      [3, 32, 6, 2, 2]              
  1                -1  1     18560  models.common.Conv                      [32, 64, 3, 2]                
  2                -1  1     18816  models.common.C3                        [64, 64, 1]
  3                -1  1     73984  models.common.Conv                      [64, 128, 3, 2]               
  4                -1  2    115712  models.common.C3                        [128, 128, 2]                 
  5                -1  1    295424  models.common.Conv                      [128, 256, 3, 2]              
  6                -1  3    625152  models.common.C3                        [256, 256, 3] 
  7                -1  1   1180672  models.common.Conv                      [256, 512, 3, 2]              
  8                -1  1   1182720  models.common.C3                        [512, 512, 1]                 
  9                -1  1    656896  models.common.SPPF                      [512, 512, 5]                 
 10                -1  1    131584  models.common.Conv                      [512, 256, 1, 1]              
 11                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 12           [-1, 6]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 13                -1  1    361984  models.common.C3                        [512, 256, 1, False]          
 14                -1  1     33024  models.common.Conv                      [256, 128, 1, 1]              
 15                -1  1         0  torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample    [None, 2, 'nearest']          
 16           [-1, 4]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 17                -1  1     90880  models.common.C3                        [256, 128, 1, False]          
 18                -1  1    147712  models.common.Conv                      [128, 128, 3, 2]              
 19          [-1, 14]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 20                -1  1    296448  models.common.C3                        [256, 256, 1, False]          
 21                -1  1    590336  models.common.Conv                      [256, 256, 3, 2]              
 22          [-1, 10]  1         0  models.common.Concat                    [1]                           
 23                -1  1   1182720  models.common.C3                        [512, 512, 1, False]          
 24      [17, 20, 23]  1     16182  models.yolo.Detect                      [1, [[10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23], [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119], [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326]], [128, 256, 512]]

可以发现上面的层数模块信息与yolov5s.yaml是对应的，部分参数做了处理有所变化。

3、调试代码可看具体模块参数，网络具体结构如下，我在模块前大致标记了层数是第几层：

[ **0 P1 /2:** Conv(
  (conv): Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=(6, 6), stride=(2, 2), padding=(2, 2), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **1 P2 /4:** Conv(
  (conv): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **2 C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(64, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(64, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **3 P3 /8:** Conv(
  (conv): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **4 C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(128, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
    (1): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **5 P4 /16:** Conv(
  (conv): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **6 C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
    (1): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
    (2): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **7 P5 /32:** Conv(
  (conv): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **8 C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **9 SPPF**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=2, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
), **10 Conv**(
  (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **11 Upsample**(scale_factor=2.0, mode=nearest), **12 Concat(), C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **14 Conv**(
  (conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **15 Upsample**(scale_factor=2.0, mode=nearest), **16 Concat(), C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **18 Conv**(
  (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **19 Concat(), C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **21 Conv**(
  (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
  (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (act): SiLU()
), **22 Concat(), C3**(
  (cv1): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv2): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (cv3): Conv(
    (conv): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
    (bn): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (act): SiLU()
  )
  (m): Sequential(
    (0): Bottleneck(
      (cv1): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
      (cv2): Conv(
        (conv): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (bn): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (act): SiLU()
      )
    )
  )
), **24 Detect**(
  (m): ModuleList(
    (0): Conv2d(128, 18, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
    (1): Conv2d(256, 18, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
    (2): Conv2d(512, 18, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
  )
)]

从上面可以进一步看到各模块的内部结构，如卷积操作的卷积核大小、卷积步长、输出输入啊维度等，使用的激活函数，batchnorm的方式等等，非常直观，但是网络并不是按照上面的顺序串连起来的。上面只是打印了各模块的信息，具体如何串联要结合模块里的forward函数进行判断，这个在common.py代码中有，可自行查看。

4、结合上述信息，下面是我根据查的结构图在yolov5s.yaml的基础上结合网络的参数做了修改以符合 yolov5s 的网络结构：

可以看出backbone部分网络做下采样操作，在第四层、第六层和第九层分别对应8，16，32倍下采样的输出数据进行后续neck处理，neck部分先是第十层做上采样到4倍下采样再继续做下采样，相当于做了两遍数据融合。最后的head部分分别在17，20，23抽取输出特征进行分类计算损失。