【图像处理】c++使用opencv对图像进行形态学操作

学习目标：使用opencv对图片进行形态学操作

形态学操作

• 腐蚀（erode）
• 扩张（dilate）
• 开运算（先erode后dilate）
• 闭运算（先dilate后erode）
• 形态梯度 （dilate - erode）
• 顶帽 （原始图像减去开运算）
• 黑帽 （闭运算减去原始图像）

腐蚀（erode）和扩张（dilate）

#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

// MORPH_RECT: 矩形框
// MORPH_CROSS: 十字架
// MORPH_ELLIPSE: 椭圆


Mat src, erosion_dst, dilation_dst;
int erosion_elem = 0;   // 0,1,2
int erosion_size = 2;
int dilation_elem = 0;  // 0,1,2
int dilation_size = 21;
void Erosion(int, void*);
void Dilation(int, void*);

int main(int, char** argv)
{
    src = imread("./1.jpg", IMREAD_COLOR);
    if (src.empty())
    {
        return -1;
    }
    namedWindow("Erosion Demo", 0);
    namedWindow("Dilation Demo", 0);
    moveWindow("Dilation Demo", src.cols, 0);
    Erosion(erosion_size, &erosion_elem);
    Dilation(dilation_size, &dilation_elem);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

void Erosion(int, void*)
{
    int erosion_type = 0;
    if (erosion_elem == 0) { erosion_type = MORPH_RECT; }
    else if (erosion_elem == 1) { erosion_type = MORPH_CROSS; }
    else if (erosion_elem == 2) { erosion_type = MORPH_ELLIPSE; }
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(erosion_type,
        Size(2 * erosion_size + 1, 2 * erosion_size + 1),
        Point(erosion_size, erosion_size));
    erode(src, erosion_dst, element);
    imshow("Erosion Demo", erosion_dst);
}

void Dilation(int, void*)
{
    int dilation_type = 0;
    if (dilation_elem == 0) { dilation_type = MORPH_RECT; }
    else if (dilation_elem == 1) { dilation_type = MORPH_CROSS; }
    else if (dilation_elem == 2) { dilation_type = MORPH_ELLIPSE; }
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(dilation_type,Size(2 * dilation_size + 1, 2 * dilation_size + 1),Point(dilation_size, dilation_size));
    dilate(src, dilation_dst, element);
    imshow("Dilation Demo", dilation_dst);
}

结果：

其他形态学操作

• 开运算：MORPH_OPEN：2
• 闭运算：MORPH_CLOSE：3
• 形态梯度：MORPH_GRADIENT：4
• 顶帽：MORPH_TOPHAT：5
• 黑帽：MORPH_BLACKHAT：6

#include<iostream>

#include<opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include<opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>
#include<opencv2/highgui.hpp>

using namespace cv;
Mat src, dst;
int morph_elem = 2;
int morph_size = 21;
int morph_operator = 4;
const char* window_name = "Morphology Transformations Demo";
void Morphology_Operations(int, void*);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    String imageName("./1.jpg"); // by default
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        imageName = argv[1];
    }
    src = imread(imageName, IMREAD_COLOR); // Load an image
    if (src.empty())
    {
        return -1;
    }
    namedWindow(window_name, 0); // Create window

 
    Morphology_Operations(0, 0);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

void Morphology_Operations(int, void*)
{
    // Since MORPH_X : 2,3,4,5 and 6
    int operation = morph_operator + 2;
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(morph_elem, Size(2 * morph_size + 1, 2 * morph_size + 1), Point(morph_size, morph_size));
    morphologyEx(src, dst, operation, element);
    imshow(window_name, dst);
}

结果：