运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
4.5.1 加号运算符重载
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//加号运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
//1.成员函数重载
Person operator + (Person &p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
Person operator+(int a)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + a;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + a;
return temp;
}
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2.全局函数重载
//Person operator +(Person &p1, Person &p2)
//{
// Person temp;
// temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
// temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
// return temp;
//}
void test01()
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
//成员函数本质调用
Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);
//Person p3 = p1 + p2;
//运算符重载 也能发生函数重载
Person p4 = p1 + 100;
cout <<"p3.m_A="<< p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B="<<p3.m_B << endl;
cout << "p4.m_A=" << p4.m_A << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结1:对内置的数据类型的表达式的运算符是不可能改变的
总结2:不能滥用函数重载
4.5.2 左移运算符重载
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 左运算符重载
class Person
{
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, Person &p);
public:
Person(int a,int b):m_A(a),m_B(b)
{
}
private:
//成员函数实现左运算符重载 p.operator<<(p) p.operator <<(cout)
//void operator<<(Person &p )
//成员函数无法实现左移运算符重载
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//只能利用全局函数重载
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,Person &p)
{
cout << "m_A=" << p.m_A << " m_B=" << p.m_B;
return cout;
}
void test01()
{
Person p(10,10);
/*p.m_A = 10;
p.m_B = 10;*/
cout << p<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.5.3 递增运算符重载
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//递增运算符重载
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger m1);
public:
MyInteger()
{
m_Num = 0;
}
//重载前置++运算符 返回引用是为了一直对一个数值进行操作
MyInteger &operator ++()
{
//先进行++运算
m_Num++;
//再将自身返回
return *this;
}
//重载后置++递增
//int代表占位参数,用于区分前置和后置递增
MyInteger operator++(int)
{
//先记录一下当时的结果
MyInteger temp = *this;
//然后做一下递增
m_Num++;
//最后将记录结果返回
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,MyInteger m1)
{
cout << m1.m_Num ;
return cout;
}
//void test01()
//{
// MyInteger myint;
// cout << ++myint << endl;
//
//}
void test02()
{
MyInteger myint2;
cout << myint2++ << endl;
cout << myint2 << endl;
}
int main()
{
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结:前置递增返回的是引用,后置递增返回的是值
4.5.4 赋值运算符重载
c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
- 默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
- 默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
- 默认拷贝构造函数。对属性值进行值拷贝
- 赋值运算符 operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝的问题
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//赋值运算符重载
class Person
{
public :
Person(int age)
{
m_Age = new int(age);//年龄创建在堆区
}
~Person()
{
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
//重载 赋值运算符
Person& operator =(Person &p)
{
//编译器提供浅拷贝
//m_Age = p.m_Age;
//应该先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后再深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
return *this;
}
int *m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1(18);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(19);
p3= p2 = p1;//赋值操作
cout << "p1的年龄为" <<* p1.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p2的年龄为" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p3的年龄为" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.5.5 关系运算符重载
作用:重载关系运算符,可以让俩个自定义类型的对象进行对比操作
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//关系运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
m_Age = age;
m_Name = name;
}
bool operator==(Person &p)
{
if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age&&this->m_Name == p.m_Name)
return true;
else return false;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1("Tom", 11);
Person p2("Tom", 11);
if (p1 == p2)
{
cout << "p1和p2一致" << endl;
}
else cout << "p1和p2不一致" << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.5.6函数调用运算符重载(仿函数)
- 函数调用运算符()也可以重载
- 由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
- 仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
//函数调用运算符重载
class MyPrint
{
public:
void operator()(string test)
{
cout << test << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
MyPrint myPrint;
myPrint("hello world");//由于使用起来非常像函数调用,所以称为仿函数
}
//仿函数非常灵活 没有固定写法
class Myadd
{
public:
int operator()(int num1,int num2)
{
return num1 + num2;
}
};
void test02()
{
Myadd myadd;
int ref=myadd(100, 200);
cout << ref << endl;
//匿名函数对象
cout << Myadd()(100, 100) << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}