英语笔记40-45讲

第40讲

原形不定式 (1)使役动词

（1）使役动词，表示 “使/让。。。”
have,make,let 做使役动词，构成形式为：have/ make/ let +宾语 + v"。

• 1，He made me laugh
• 2, I let him go
• 3, Please have him com here.

(2)get 和 help 都做使役动词，get的使役动词句为"get +宾语 + to +y", help 的使役动词句为 "help +宾语 + (to) +v

• I can.t get anyone to do the work properly

• I helped him (to) repair the car.
  (3)"(1)，(2)所有使役动词+宾语+过去分词“，表示”让某物/人被别人…

• I must get my hair cut.

• He couldn’t make himself heard.

• Can you get the work finished in time?

第41讲

原形不定式(2)感官动词

（1）"感官动词see/watch/observe/notice/hear/smell/taste/feel+宾语+动词原形/现在分词
a>+动词原形，表示动作的真实性；
b>+现在分词，表示动作的连续性，进行性。

• I saw him work in the garden yesterday
• I saw him working in the garden yesterday

(2)和使役动词相似，感官动词后可接过去分词，“感官动词+宾语+过去分词”

• John saw the man knocked down by the car

第42讲

假设（1）只单纯表示条件

• （1）条件状语从句。用"if"引导条件状语从句，从句为现在时，通常译作“如果…”

• If you get up early,you will catch up with the train.

• (2) if引导的条件状语从句，可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。

• If you ask him,he will help you

• She will be upset if you fail the exam.

第43讲

假设（2）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气

• （1）if从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设，和现在事实相反的，主从句时态具体如下：
  从句：动词过去式（be用were）
  主句：would/could/should/might+动词原形

• If I were you, l would join them

• She would come with you if you invited her.

第44讲

假设（3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

• (1)if 从句是一种虚拟的条件或假设，和过去事实相反的。
• 主从句的时态具体如下：
• 从句：had+动词过去分词
• 主句：would/could/should/might+have+动词过去分词
• If l had got there rarlier,l should have met her.
• If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.

第45讲

假设（3）wish/as if +过去/过去完成时

• （1）wish 后面的从句，译为：“希望。。。就好了”是不可能的实现的假设

• a.与现在事实相反愿望
  I wish l were as tall as you(一般过去时）

• b.与过去事实相反愿望
  He wished he hadn’t said that（过去完成时）

• c,将来不大可能实现的愿望
  I wish it would rain tomorrow

• (2) as if ，翻译为“看起来好像。。。”

• a,如果从句表示与现在事实相反。
  You look as if you didn’t care

• b,从句表示与过去事实相反
  He talis about Rome as if he had been there before.

• c,从句表示与将来事实相反
  He opened his mouth as if he would asy something.