英语笔记46-50讲

第46讲

定语从句（关系代词）

• 定语从句：在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，叫先行词。其后的从句就是定语从句，有关系词（关系代词或者关系副词）引出。

• 关系代词，在从句中做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用，常用关系代词：
  that,who,which,whom，whose

• The girl whom/that l spoke to is my cousin.

a,先行词是人的话用that,who,whom,whose来引导定语从句，

• “whom” 在从句中作宾语

• "who"和"that"在从句中既可作主语又可作宾语。

• They are the people that/who were seen yesterday.

• They are the people whom/that/who l saw yesterday.

• They are the people whose wallets were lost yesterday
  b,先行词是动物/事物的话，用which，that，whose来引导定语从句

• which，that在从句中可做主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略

• He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.

• He came back for the book which/that was on the desk.

• This is the chair whose legs were broken.
  
  第47讲

定语从句的关系副词

when，where，why

why：用于修饰表示原因的名词
（eg. the reason)
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up
when:修饰表示时间的名词
（eg. next week)
We’ll put off the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better
where:修饰表示地点的名词
（eg.the place)
We don.t know the place where he lives,

第48讲

宾语从句连词

宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句
从属连词：that，if，whether。
连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，
连接副词：when，where，why，how

从属连词：that，if，whether

• He said that he was there yesterday
• He doesn’t know if/whether he was there.

连接代词：who，whom，whose，what

• Do you know who has won the game?
• Do you know whom he lokes?
• Do you know whose book it is?
• Do you know what he is looking at?

连接副词:when,where,why,how.

• He wants to know when the party is.
• He wants to know where the party is.
• He wants to know why they have a party.
• He wants to know how they come.

第49讲

比较级和最高级(1)

• 通常在形容词和副词后面加 “er” “est”
  hard-harder-the hardest

• 词尾是不发音的单音节e时，加"r" “st”
  nice-nicer-the nicest

• 词尾时辅音+y的双音节时，去掉"y"加 “ier” “iest”
  dry-drier-the direst

• 以一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节时，双写最后一个字母，加"er" “est”.
  hot-hotter-the hottest

• 多音节和双音节，在形容词和副词前加

• 程度加强：“more” “the most”

• 程度减弱: “less” “the least”
  interesting - more/less interesting
  - the most/the least interesting

• 不规则变化:good-better-the best
  many-more-the most

第50讲

比较级和最高级(2)