HDLBits / fsm /lemmming3

题目中有明确指出优先级，在描述状态转移条件时应充分考虑优先级，先判断是否存在ground(决定了是否fall)，之后是否在dig，之后是否受到bump。

在描述fall_left、fall_right、dig_left 和 dig_right条件转移时，只考虑ground == 1'b0，是因为只有当ground 输入为低电平时，才会转移到这些状态。

module top_module(
    input clk,
    input areset,    // Freshly brainwashed Lemmings walk left.
    input bump_left,
    input bump_right,
    input ground,
    input dig,
    output walk_left,
    output walk_right,
    output aaah,
    output digging ); 
    //状态寄存器
    reg [2:0] state ,next_state;
    //状态空间
	parameter left = 3'b000,right = 3'b001, fall_left = 3'b010, fall_right = 3'b011 ,dig_left = 3'b100,dig_right =3'b101 ;
    //状态转移条件
    always@(*)begin
        case(state)
            left:begin
                if(ground ==1'b0)
                    next_state = fall_left;
                else if(dig == 1'b1)
                    next_state = dig_left;
                else if (bump_left)
                    next_state = right;
                else
                    next_state =  left;
            end
            right:begin
                if(ground ==1'b0)
                    next_state = fall_right;
                else if(dig == 1'b1)
                    next_state = dig_right;
                else if (bump_right)
                    next_state = left;
                else
                    next_state = right;
            end
            fall_left:begin
                if(ground==1'b0)
                    next_state = fall_left;
                else 
                    next_state = left;
            end
            fall_right:begin
                if(ground == 1'b0)
                    next_state = fall_right;
                else
                    next_state = right;
            end
            dig_left:begin
                if(ground == 1'b0)
                    next_state = fall_left;
                else
                    next_state = dig_left;
            end
            dig_right:begin
                if(ground == 1'b0)
                    next_state = fall_right;
                else
                    next_state = dig_right;
            end
            default:next_state <= left;
        endcase   
    end
    //状态转移过程
    always@(posedge clk or posedge areset)begin
        if (areset)
            state <= left;
        else
            state <= next_state;
    end
    //Output
    assign walk_left = (state == left);
    assign walk_right = (state == right);
    always@(posedge clk)begin
        if(ground == 1'b0)
            aaah <= 1'b1;
        else
            aaah <= 1'b0; 
    end
    assign digging = (state == dig_left) | (state == dig_right);

        
endmodule

 

 正确结果：

 

错误示范： 

//    always @(posedge clk) begin
//        if (state == dig_left | state == dig_right)
//            digging <= 1'b1;
//        else
//            digging <= 1'b0;
//    end

    always @(posedge clk) begin
        if (dig == 1'b1)
            digging <= 1'b1;
        else
            digging <= 1'b0;
    end

总结：

1.digging 输出与状态机的状态有关，因此最好根据状态机的状态来控制 digging 输出，而不是根据 dig 输入信号直接控制。而aaah的输出是直接与ground信号输入相关的，由于fall的优先级高于dig和bump，也不会因为状态转移发生改变，因此可以直接控制。aaah也可以通过组合逻辑assign赋值语句通过next_state的fall_left或者fall_right的状态直接得到，避免了时钟clk引起的时延变化，得到了与state状态时，通过时序逻辑判断ground输入信号得到的aaah输出结果相同。

assign aaah = (state == fall_left) | (state == fall_right);

2.digging 的值应该在状态为 dig_left 或 dig_right 时为1，其他状态下为0。