dim N ( A T ) = m − r \dim N(A^T)=m-r dimN(AT)=m−r
# L o o p s = # E d g e s − ( # N o d e s − 1 ) \#Loops = \#Edges - (\#Nodes-1) #Loops=#Edges−(#Nodes−1)
欧拉公式: # N o d e s − # E d g e s + # L o o p s = 1 \#Nodes - \#Edges + \#Loops = 1 #Nodes−#Edges+#Loops=1
利用行列式求体积
A A A各行向量所构成的 box 的体积= ∣ det A ∣ |\det A| ∣detA∣.
求多维空间的体积
V = ± ∣ a 11 a 12 a 13 a 21 a 22 a 23