HDLBits练习记录---modules

1.Modules（Connecting Signals to Module Ports）

module top_module ( input a, input b, output out );

    mod_a instance1 ( .in1(a), .in2(b), .out(out) );
    
endmodule

2.Connecting ports by position

module top_module ( 
    input a, 
    input b, 
    input c,
    input d,
    output out1,
    output out2
);

    mod_a instance1 ( out1, out2, a, b, c, d );
    
endmodule

3.Connecting ports by name

module top_module ( 
    input a, 
    input b, 
    input c,
    input d,
    output out1,
    output out2
);

    mod_a instance1 (.in1(a),.in2(b),.in3(c),.in4(d),.out1(out1),.out2(out2));
    
endmodule

4.Three modules

5.Modules and Vectors

module top_module ( 
    input clk, 
    input [7:0] d, 
    input [1:0] sel, 
    output [7:0] q 
);
    
    wire [7:0] q1,q2,q3;
    
    my_dff8 instance1 ( .clk(clk), .d(d), .q(q1) );
    my_dff8 instance2 ( .clk(clk), .d(q1), .q(q2) );
    my_dff8 instance3 ( .clk(clk), .d(q2), .q(q3) );
    
    always @ ( * )
        case (sel)
            2'b00 : q <= d;
            2'b01 : q <= q1;
            2'b10 : q <= q2;
            2'b11 : q <= q3;
        endcase

endmodule

6.Adder1

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);
    wire [15:0] sum1,sum2,cout1,cout2;

    add16 instance1 ( .a(a[15:0]), .b(b[15:0]), .cin(1'b0), .sum(sum1), .cout(cout1) );
    add16 instance2 ( .a(a[31:16]), .b(b[31:16]), .cin(cout1), .sum(sum2), .cout(cout2) );
    assign sum[31:0] = {sum2[15:0],sum1[15:0]};
    
endmodule

7.Adder2

module top_module (
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);
    wire cout1,cout;
    
    add16 instance1 ( .a(a[15:0]), .b(b[15:0]), .cin(1'b0), .sum(sum[15:0]), .cout(cout1) );
    add16 instance2 ( .a(a[31:16]), .b(b[31:16]), .cin(cout1), .sum(sum[31:16]), .cout(cout) );
    assign sum[31:0] = { sum[31:16],sum[15:0] };

endmodule

module add1 ( input a, input b, input cin,   output sum, output cout );

    // 全加器表达式  sum=a^b^cin(^异或)   cout=(a&b)|(a&cin)|(b&cin)
    assign sum = a^b^cin;
    assign cout = (a&b)|(a&cin)|(b&cin);

endmodule

8.Carry-select adder

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    output [31:0] sum
);

    wire [15:0] cout1,cout2,cout3;
    wire [15:0] sum2,sum3;
    add16 instance1 ( .a(a[15:0]), .b(b[15:0]), .cin(1'b0), .sum(sum[15:0]), .cout(cout1) );
    add16 instance2 ( .a(a[31:16]), .b(b[31:16]), .cin(1'b0), .sum(sum2), .cout(cout2) );
    add16 instance3 ( .a(a[31:16]), .b(b[31:16]), .cin(1'b1), .sum(sum3), .cout(cout3) );
                         
    assign sum[31:16] = ( cout1 == 1'b0 ) ? sum2 : sum3;
    assign sum[31:0] = { sum[31:16],sum[15:0] };
    
endmodule

9.Adder-subtractor

module top_module(
    input [31:0] a,
    input [31:0] b,
    input sub,
    output [31:0] sum
);
    wire [31:0] b1;
    wire [15:0] cout1,cout;
    
    assign b1 = b ^ {32{sub}};
    
    add16 instance1 ( .a(a[15:0]), .b(b1[15:0]), .cin(sub), .sum(sum[15:0]), .cout(cout1) );
    add16 instance2 ( .a(a[31:16]), .b(b1[31:16]), .cin(cout1), .sum(sum[31:16]), .cout(cout) );
    
    assign sum[31:0] = { sum[31:16],sum[15:0] };
    

endmodule