定语从句的用法

1、关系代词

• 定语从句：在居中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，叫先行词。其后的从句就是定语从句，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

1. 关系代词，在从句中做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用。
   • 常用关系代词：
     that，who，which，whom，whose
   • 例句：
     1. The girl whom/that I spoke to is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人的话用that，who，whom，whose来引导定语从句
   • whom在从句中可作宾语。
   • who和that在从句中即可作主语也可作宾语。
   • 例句：
     1. They are the people that/who were seen yesterday.
     2. They are the people whom/that/who I saw yesterday.
     3. They are the people whose wallets were lost yesterday.
3. 先行词是动物/事物的话，用Wichita，that，whose来引导定语从句。
   • which，that在从句中可以作主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
   • 例句：
     1. He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.
     2. He came back for the book which/that was on the desk.
     3. This is the chair whose legs wore broken.

关系代词表格

	指人	指物
主格	who/that	which/that
宾格	whom/who/that	which/that
属格	whose	whose

2、关系副词

• why：用于修饰表示原因的名词（eg. the reason)
  We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up.
• when:修饰表示时间的名词（eg. next week)
  We’ll put off the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better.
• where:修饰表示地点的名词（eg. the place)
  We don’t know the place where he lives.

3、连词

• 宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句

1. 从属连词：that，if，whether。
   • 例句：
     1. He said that he was there yesterday.
     2. He doesn’t know if/whether he was there
2. 连接代词：who，whom，whose，what。
   • 例句：
     1. Do you know who has won the game？
     2. Do you know whom he likes？
     3. Do you know whose book it is？
     4. Do you know what he is looking at？
3. 连接副词：when，where，why，how。
   • 例句：
     1. He wants to know when the party is.
     2. He wants to know where the party is.
     3. He wants to know why they have a party.
     4. He wants to know how they come.
        He told me that he would go to college the next year.