C#学习笔记 factory模式

嵌套类型的一个应用——factory模式（工厂模式）。所谓factory模式，是指一个能产生某种“产品”的“工厂”，其中产生产品只能由工厂产生。例如一个银行账号（Account）只能有银行（Bank）来产生。在C#中，账号可以由Bank的内部类（Account）来实现，在这里内部类是private的，不能由外部进行访问，只能通过一个接口（ICount）来访问。
例NestedBankAccount.cs通过嵌套类来实现Factory模式的银行账号：

using System;
using System.Collections;

public interface IAccount   // 定义接口
{
	long Number { get; }
	decimal Balance { get; }
	void Deposit(decimal amount);
	void Withdraw(decimal amount);
}

public class Bank
{
	public IAccount OpenAccount() {
		IAccount acc = new Account();
		accounts[acc.Number] = acc;
		return acc;
	}

	private readonly Hashtable accounts = new Hashtable();

	private sealed class Account : IAccount
	{
		public long Number => number;
		public decimal Balance => balance;
		public void Deposit(decimal amount) {
			balance += amount;
		}
		public void Withdraw(decimal amount) {
			balance -= amount;
		}

		private decimal balance = 0;    // decimal 是高精度浮点类型
		private static long nextNumber = 123;
		private readonly long number = nextNumber++;
	}
}

class Test
{
	static void Main() {
		Bank bank = new Bank();
		IAccount account = bank.OpenAccount();

		account.Deposit(100.00M);
		account.Withdraw(40.00M);
		Console.WriteLine("Account{0}has ${1}", account.Number, account.Balance);
	}
}