参考文章:https://blog.csdn.net/princeteng/article/details/103945610添加链接描述
condition_variable con;
有两种用法。
//用法一:
con.wait(lck, [] {return !que.empty(); });//wait直到后边返回true时放开
//用法二:
while(que.empty()){
con.wait(lck)
}//和用法一语句相等。
注意事项:当线程因为条件而在wait处等待时,就算外部条件改变了使得条件满足放开的限制,线程也不会继续。需要调用notify_one或者notify_all去告诉线程,这样才可以令线程继续。
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex> //mutex & unique_lock
#include <thread>
#include <condition_variable>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
mutex mtx;
condition_variable cv;
int cargo = 0;
bool pred() { return cargo != 0; }
std::vector< std::thread > workers;
void consumer(int n)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
workers.emplace_back([i] {
cout << "sd" << endl;
unique_lock<mutex> lck(mtx);
cout << "完成阻塞 i = " << i << endl;
cv.wait(lck, pred);//阻塞直到pred满足, 即 cargo != 0, wait 会调用mtx.unlock()
cout << i << "\n"; });
}
}
int main()
{
thread consume(consumer, 10);
consume.join();
return 0;
}
从上代码和结果可以看到,condition_variable只是阻塞当前线程(也可以叫函数,即代码中的lambda函数),而for循环依旧执行了。
#include <iostream>
#include <mutex> //mutex & unique_lock
#include <thread>
#include <condition_variable>
using namespace std;
mutex mtx;
condition_variable cv;
int cargo = 0;
bool pred() { return cargo != 0; }
void consumer(int n)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "运行了" << i << "次" << endl;
unique_lock<mutex> lck(mtx);
cv.wait(lck, pred);//阻塞直到pred满足, 即 cargo != 0, wait 会调用mtx.unlock()
cout << "cargo ="<<cargo << "\n";
cargo = 0; //再将cargo置为0, 导致主线程中的while可以执行
}
}
int main()
{
thread consume(consumer, 10);
for (int i = 0; i<10; i++) {
while (pred()) { //不满足条件则yield, cargo != 0则阻塞,等待consumer将cargo设置为0
this_thread::yield();
}//yield表示当pred满足时,主线程不执行,把主线程的时间片让给consumer线程,让他先执行。相当于当每一次pred满足时,主线程都会停下来等comsumer。
unique_lock<mutex> lck(mtx);//调用mtx.lock()
cargo = i + 1;
cv.notify_one();
}
consume.join();
return 0;
}
当把yield给去掉时,主线程并不会等待comsumer线程,自顾自的获得锁,并对cargo进行加减。导致尽管notify_one了comsumer线程。但是由于主线程和comsumer线程执行的快慢并不对等,导致comsumer线程对cargo的读取并不连续和固定。
int main()
{
thread consume(consumer, 10);
for (int i = 0; i<10; i++) {
cout << "i=" << i << endl;
unique_lock<mutex> lck(mtx);//调用mtx.lock()
cargo = i + 1;
cv.notify_one();
}
consume.join();
return 0;
}