前景提取，获取行人的运动路径，用cv2.findContours()函数

# 将视频中的行人识别标注出来，输出avi文件
import cv2
import datetime # Python处理日期和时间的标准库

colour = ((0, 205, 205), (154, 250, 0), (34, 34, 178), (211, 0, 148), (255, 118, 72), (137, 137, 139)) #定义矩形颜色

# cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) #参数为0是打开摄像头，文件名是打开视频
cap = cv2.VideoCapture("images/vtest.avi")  # 参数为0是打开摄像头，文件名是打开视频
fgbg = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()  # 混合高斯背景建模算法

fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')  # 设置保存图片格式,VideoWriter_fourcc为视频编解码器
out = cv2.VideoWriter(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%A_%d_%B_%Y_%I_%M_%S%p") + '.avi', fourcc, 10.0,
                      (768, 576))  # 分辨率要和原视频对应

while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()  # 读取图片
    fgmask = fgbg.apply(frame)

    element = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS, (3, 3))  # 形态学去噪
    fgmask = cv2.morphologyEx(fgmask, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, element)  # 开运算去噪

    aa,contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(fgmask.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)  # 寻找前景
    # opencv2返回两个值：contours：hierarchy。注:opencv3会返回三个值,分别是img, countours, hierarchy
    # https://blog.csdn.net/hjxu2016/article/details/77833336
    count = 0
    for cont in contours:
        Area = cv2.contourArea(cont)  # 计算轮廓面积
        if Area < 300:  # 过滤面积小于10的形状
            continue

        count += 1  # 计数加一

        print("{}-prospect:{}".format(count, Area), end="  ")  # 打印出每个前景的面积

        rect = cv2.boundingRect(cont)  # 提取矩形坐标

        print("x:{} y:{}".format(rect[0], rect[1]))  # 打印坐标

        cv2.rectangle(frame, (rect[0], rect[1]), (rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] + rect[3]), colour[count % 6],
                      1)  # 原图上绘制矩形
        cv2.rectangle(fgmask, (rect[0], rect[1]), (rect[0] + rect[2], rect[1] + rect[3]), (0xff, 0xff, 0xff),
                      1)  # 黑白前景上绘制矩形

        y = 10 if rect[1] < 10 else rect[1]  # 防止编号到图片之外
        cv2.putText(frame, str(count), (rect[0], y), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 0.4, (0, 255, 0), 1)  # 在前景上写上编号

    cv2.putText(frame, "count:", (5, 20), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 0.6, (0, 255, 0), 1)  # 显示总数
    cv2.putText(frame, str(count), (75, 20), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 0.6, (0, 255, 0), 1)
    print("----------------------------")

    cv2.imshow('frame', frame)  # 在原图上标注
    cv2.imshow('frame2', fgmask)  # 以黑白的形式显示前景和背景
    out.write(frame)
    k = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff  # 按esc退出
    if k == 27:
        break

out.release()  # 释放文件
cap.release()
cv2.destoryAllWindows()  # 关闭所有窗口

https://blog.csdn.net/hjxu2016/article/details/77833336