C Programming Test And Answer 08

1.What will be the output of the program ?

#include<stdio.h>
power(int**);
int main()
{
    int a=5, *aa; /* Address of 'a' is 1000 */
    aa = &a;
    a = power(&aa);
    printf("%d\n", a);
    return 0;
}
power(int **ptr)
{
    int b;
    b = **ptr***ptr;
    return (b);
}

A. 5
B. 25
C. 125
D. Garbage value

Explanation:
aa = &a; // *aa = 5;

**ptr = &aa; ptr is a pointer to a pointer aa.

Hence value stored in a can be accessed using **ptr(which is **ptr = 5).

So the b = **ptr **ptr means b = 55 which is 25.

2.What will be the output of the program?

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int i=3;
    switch(i)
    {
        case 1:
            printf("Hello\n");
        case 2:
            printf("Hi\n");
        case 3:
            continue;
        default:
            printf("Bye\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

A. Error: Misplaced continue
B. Bye
C. No output
D. Hello Hi

Explanation:

The keyword continue cannot be used in switch case. It must be used in for or while or do while loop. If there is any looping statement in switch case then we can use continue.

3.What will be the output of the program?

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int i = 5;
    while(i-- >= 0)
        printf("%d,", i);
    i = 5;
    printf("\n");
    while(i-- >= 0)
        printf("%i,", i);
    while(i-- >= 0)
        printf("%d,", i);
    return 0;
}

Explanation:
Step 1: Initially the value of variable i is ‘5’.
Loop 1: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 5, this statement becomes while(5-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints ‘4’. (variable ‘i’ is decremented by ‘1’(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 2: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 4, this statement becomes while(4-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints ‘3’. (variable ‘i’ is decremented by ‘1’(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 3: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 3, this statement becomes while(3-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints ‘2’. (variable ‘i’ is decremented by ‘1’(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 4: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 2, this statement becomes while(2-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints ‘1’. (variable ‘i’ is decremented by ‘1’(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 5: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 1, this statement becomes while(1-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints ‘0’. (variable ‘i’ is decremented by ‘1’(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 6: while(i-- >= 0) here i = 0, this statement becomes while(0-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is satisfied and it prints ‘-1’. (variable ‘i’ is decremented by ‘1’(one) in previous while condition)
Loop 7: while(i-- >= 0) here i = -1, this statement becomes while(-1-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is not satisfied and loop exits.
The output of first while loop is 4,3,2,1,0,-1

Step 2: Then the value of variable i is initialized to ‘5’ Then it prints a new line character(\n).
See the above Loop 1 to Loop 7 .
The output of second while loop is 4,3,2,1,0,-1
Step 3: The third while loop, while(i-- >= 0) here i = -1(because the variable ‘i’ is decremented to ‘-1’ by previous while loop and it never initialized.). This statement becomes while(-1-- >= 0) Hence the while condition is not satisfied and loop exits.
Hence the output of the program is
4,3,2,1,0,-1
4,3,2,1,0,-1

4.Will the program compile successfully?

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    #ifdef NOTE
        int a;
        a=10;
    #else
        int a;
        a=20;
    #endif
    printf("%d\n", a);
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

Yes, this program will compile and run successfully and prints 20.

The macro #ifdef NOTE evaluates the given expression to 1. If satisfied it executes the #ifdef block statements. Here #ifdef condition fails because the Macro NOTE is nowhere declared.

Hence the #else block gets executed, the variable a is declared and assigned a value of 20.

printf("%d\n", a); It prints the value of variable a 20.