Python画图常使用的代码

条形图

def plot_tao(x,res):
    plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
    plt.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Times New Roman'
    plt.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'bold'
    proposed, b1, b2, b3,b4 = process_res(res)
    plt.plot(x, proposed, marker='>', markersize=8, label='Proposed Scheme')  # 使用三角形节点
    plt.plot(x, b1, marker='o', markersize=8, label='Baseline 1',markerfacecolor='none')  # 使用三角形节点
    plt.plot(x, b4, marker='*', markersize=8, label='Baseline 2',markerfacecolor='none')  # 使用三角形节点
    plt.plot(x, b3, marker='d', markersize=8, label='Baseline 3',markerfacecolor='none')  # 使用三角形节点
    plt.plot(x, b2, marker='s', markersize=8, label='Baseline 4',markerfacecolor='none')  # 使用三角形节点
    plt.rc('font', size=13)
    plt.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=1)
    # plt.ylim(2)
    plt.grid(linestyle="--",color="gray",linewidth="0.5",axis="both")
    plt.xticks(fontsize=13)
    plt.yticks(fontsize=13)

    plt.xlabel(r'Delay Time $T_{\rm delay}$ (ms)', fontsize=13,fontweight='bold')
    plt.ylabel('QoE', fontsize=13,fontweight='bold',labelpad=0)
    # plt.title('Total QoE at Time Slot')
    a = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")
    plt.savefig("runs/baseline/new_baseline/Tao" + a, dpi=600, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.01)
    # 显示图形
    plt.show()

• plt.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'bold'：图里的字（一般为label和坐标轴刻度）设置为粗体；plt.rc('font', size=13)：设置字体大小
• markerfacecolor='none'：maker设置为透明；
• plt.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=1)：lower、center、upper；left 、right；
• plt.xticks(fontsize=13)：坐标轴刻度的大小
• plt.ylabel('QoE', fontsize=13,fontweight='bold',labelpad=0)：设置y轴标题为黑体，labelpad表示标题距离坐标轴刻度的距离，可以设置负数。

柱状图

def plot_Qoe_bar(x,res):
    plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
    plt.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Times New Roman'
    # plt.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'bold'
    plt.rc('font', size=13)
    plt.grid(linestyle="--", color="gray", linewidth="0.5", axis="both")
    proposed, b1, b2, b3 = process_res(res)
    categories =[1.8,2.0,2.2,2.4,2.6]
    x = np.arange(len(categories))
    # 使用plt.bar()替代plt.plot()
    width = 0.2  # 设置柱状图的宽度

    plt.bar(x, proposed, width=width, label='Proposed Scheme')
    plt.bar([i + width for i in x], b1, width=width, label='Baseline 1', alpha=0.7)
    plt.bar([i + 2* width for i in x], b3, width=width, label='Baseline 3', alpha=0.7)
    plt.bar([i + 3 * width for i in x], b2, width=width, label='Baseline 2', alpha=0.7)
    plt.ylim(1000,1700)


    plt.xticks([i + 1.5 * width for i in x], categories)  # 调整x轴刻度位置
    plt.xticks(fontsize=13)
    plt.yticks(fontsize=13)
    plt.xlabel(r'$\gamma$', fontsize=17, labelpad=0)
    plt.ylabel('QoE', fontsize=17, labelpad=1)
    plt.legend(ncol=2)

    a = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")
    plt.savefig("runs/baseline/Qoe" + a, dpi=600, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.01)
    plt.show()

效果如下：

CDF概率累计分布图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 生成一组随机数据
data = np.random.normal(loc=0, scale=1, size=500)

# 对数据进行排序
sorted_data = np.sort(data)

# 计算累积概率
cumulative_prob = np.arange(1, len(sorted_data) + 1) / len(sorted_data)

# 绘制CDF图
plt.plot(sorted_data, cumulative_prob, marker='o', linestyle=None)
plt.xlabel('Data')
plt.ylabel('Cumulative Probability')
plt.title('CDF Plot')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

左右双轴画图

def smooth(data, weight=0.9):
    '''
    Args:
        data (List):输入数据
        weight (Float): 平滑权重，处于0-1之间，数值越高说明越平滑，一般取0.9

    Returns:
        smoothed (List): 平滑后的数据
    '''
    last = data[0]  # First value in the plot (first timestep)
    smoothed = list()
    for point in data:
        smoothed_val = last * weight + (1 - weight) * point  # 计算平滑值
        smoothed.append(smoothed_val)
        last = smoothed_val
    return smoothed

def pic_reward(r1,r2):
    plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
    plt.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Times New Roman'
    plt.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'bold'
    plt.rc('font', size=15)
    # 创建子图对象并设置布局为双Y轴
    fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
    ax2 = ax1.twinx()
    # 绘制左轴数据
    s_r1 = smooth(r1)
    s_r2 = smooth(r2)
    color = 'tab:orange'
    ax1.set_xlabel('Epsiodes',fontsize=17,fontweight='bold',labelpad=-1)
    # ax1.set_ylabel('''Reward for Communication and \n Computing Resource Allocation''', color=color,fontsize=17,fontweight='bold',labelpad=0)
    ax1.set_ylabel('Reward', color=color,fontsize=17,fontweight='bold',labelpad=0)
    ax1.plot(r1, alpha=0.5,color=color)
    ax1.plot(s_r1,color=color,label='''Communication and Computing \nResource Allocation''')
    ax1.tick_params(axis='y', labelcolor=color)
    # ax1.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=1,borderaxespad=2)
    # 绘制右轴数据
    color = 'tab:green'
    # ax2.set_ylabel('Reward for Caching Resource Allocation', color=color,fontsize=17,fontweight='bold',labelpad=1)
    ax2.set_ylabel('Reward', color=color,fontsize=17,fontweight='bold',labelpad=2)
    ax2.plot(r2, alpha=0.5,color=color)
    ax2.plot(s_r2,color=color,label='Caching Resource Allocation')
    ax2.tick_params(axis='y', labelcolor=color)

    plt.grid(linestyle="--", color="gray", linewidth="0.5", axis="both")
    plt.xticks(fontsize=15)
    plt.yticks(fontsize=15)
    # ax2.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=1,borderaxespad=0.5)
    plt.rc('font', size=14)

    fig.legend(loc='lower right', ncol=1,borderaxespad=4)
    # plt.title("Line Chart with Two Axes")
    a = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")
    plt.savefig('runs/baseline/' + a + "_rewards.png", dpi=600, bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.01)

    plt.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    r1=np.load('runs/simulation_res/r1.npy')
    r2=np.load('runs/simulation_res/r2.npy')
    pic_reward(r1,r2)

效果图：