YOLOV5添加注意力机制教程

1、CBAM注意力机制

论文题目：《CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module》
论文地址：CBAM

添加CBAM注意力机制步骤：

1、在models文件夹下的common.py中添加注意力 将以下CBAM代码添加到common.py文件的最后

# CBAM
class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_planes, ratio=16):
        super(ChannelAttention, self).__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)
        self.f1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, in_planes // ratio, 1, bias=False)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.f2 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes // ratio, in_planes, 1, bias=False)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
    def forward(self, x):
        avg_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.avg_pool(x))))
        max_out = self.f2(self.relu(self.f1(self.max_pool(x))))
        out = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out)
        return out
    
class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
        super(SpatialAttention, self).__init__()
        assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'
        padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1
        # (特征图的大小-算子的size+2*padding)/步长+1
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
    def forward(self, x):
        # 1*h*w
        avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
        max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)
        x = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)
        #2*h*w
        x = self.conv(x)
        #1*h*w
        return self.sigmoid(x)
    
class CBAM(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, ratio=16, kernel_size=7):  # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super(CBAM, self).__init__()
        self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c1, ratio)
        self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)
    def forward(self, x):
        out = self.channel_attention(x) * x
        # c*h*w
        # c*h*w * 1*h*w
        out = self.spatial_attention(out) * out
        return out

2、在models文件夹下新建一个yolov5s_CBAM.yaml文件

# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
depth_multiple: 0.33  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50  # layer channel multiple
anchors:
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone+SE
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
   [-1, 1, CBAM,[1024]],
   [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]],  # 10
  ]

# YOLOv5 v6.1 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 14

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3
   [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]],  # 18 (P3/8-small)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 15], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P4
   [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]],  # 21 (P4/16-medium)

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat head P5
   [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]],  # 24 (P5/32-large)

   [[18, 21, 24], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

注意力机制可以加在Backbone、Head等部分，常见的有两种：一种是在主干的SPPF前面添加一层；二是将Backbone中的C3全部替换。不同的位置效果可能不同，需要我们去反复测试。
我这里是将CBAM注意力加在SPPF的上一层；

3、在models文件夹下的yolo.py文件中修改参数 第一个在这里（yolov5的版本不同可能函数名字不同，只要把cfg=yolov5s.yaml的位置换成我们自己新建的yolov5s_CBAM.yaml即可）

第二个是在parse_model函数下添加CBAM注意力机制（在箭头后面加）

第三个是在main函数中修改参数，修改如下图：

修改完这些之后可以运行yolo.py文件看是否成功添加注意力机制。

4、在train.py中修改cfg参数