计算机组成原理第一章笔记---绪论

本文内容整理自西安交通大学软件学院李晨老师的课件,仅供学习使用,请勿转载

计算机组成原理系列笔记汇总：计算机组成原理笔记及思维导图汇总附复习建议_Qlz的博客-CSDN博客

文章目录

本章思维导图

Introduction思维导图

Overview

Computer architecture(计算机架构)

定义1

design of the abstraction layers that allow us to implement information processing applications efficiently using available manufacturing technologies.

抽象层的设计，使我们能够使用可用的制造技术有效地实现信息处理应用程序

定义2

attributes visible to a programmer

• These attributes have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program
• Conceptual structure and function characteristic

指令集,字长,I/O机制,寻址方式

Computer Organization(计算机组成)

定义1

The operational units (components) and their interconnection that realize the architectural specifications

实现建筑规范的操作单元（零部件）及其互连

定义2

Fundamental attributes visible to a system designer

• An implementation of the architecture

控制信号,接口,存储技术,总线技术

Computer Implementations(计算机实现)

定义1

Physical implementations of computer components in organization(在组织中的计算机组件的物理实现)

定义2

The hardware out of which we make computer systems(我们用来制造计算机系统的硬件)

集成电路,印刷版电路

架构和组成的对比

Computer architecture refers to logical design of a computer; while computer organization is implementation of this logical design

计算机架构是逻辑设计,计算机组成是实现这个逻辑设计

名词解释

Transparency/Transparent(透明)

For existed things or attributes, from a point of view, they are looked as not existed, this concept is called transparency

对于已存在的事物或属性，从某个角度来看，它们被视为不存在，这个概念被称为透明度

Architectural attributes

{instruction set，word length，I/O mechanism，addressing，etc}

Organizational attributes

{control signal，interface，memory technology，bus technology，… hardware details transparent to programmer}

Implement attributes

{Integrated Circuits (ICs), Printed Circuits (PC) boards, Power Supplies, Chassis, Connectors and Cables，etc}

Series Computers(系列机)

computers with the same architecture and different organization(有着相同架构不同组成的一系列计算机)

(Software) compatibility/compatible(软件兼容性)

The software can operate in all computers with the same architecture.(软件可以再同一架构的计算机下运行)

Upward compatibility(向上兼容性)

program for low level computer can run over high level computer without modification 低级计算机的程序可以在高级计算机上运行而无需修改

Backward compatibility(向后兼容性)

program for current computer can run over future computer without modification 现在的程序可以运行在以后的机器上而无需修改

Structure and Function

How to describe a computer?

• Hierarchical system(分层系统)
• Set of interrelated subsystems(相互关联的子系统集)

Structure

the way in which components relate to each other in certain level

组件在特定层次上相互关联的方式

Function

the operation of individual components as part of the structure

作为结构的一部分的单个组件的操作

Top-down

approach to describe

描述的方式

computer functions

• Data processing
• Data storage
• Data movement
• Control

Structure - Top Level

Vocabulary

• Central Processing Unit:中央处理单元/CPU

• Main memory：主存

• I/O subsystem 输入/输出子系统

• Interconnection：互连

• Component：部件/组件

• Arithmetic and logic unit：算术逻辑单元

• Register：寄存器

• Single-chip microcomputer：单片机

• Integrated circuit：集成电路

• Architecture & organization：组成与系统结构

• Attribute ： 属性

• Programmer：程序员

• Instruction set：指令集

• Addressing memory：可寻址内存

• Interface：接口

• Transparency：透明性

• Peripheral：外设

• Compatibility：兼容性

• Reduced instruction set computer：精简指令集计算机/RISC

• Short-term data storage：短时数据存储

• Long -term data storage：长时数据存储

• Processor：处理器

• Parallel and pipeline ：并行与流水

• Microprogram :微程序