（二）pandas开源课程学习笔记——pandas基础

1.4 知道你的数据叫什么

我们学习pandas的基础操作，那么上一节通过pandas加载之后的数据，其数据类型是什么呢？

开始前导入numpy和pandas

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

1.4.1 任务一：pandas中有两个数据类型DateFrame和Series，通过查找简单了解他们。然后自己写一个关于这两个数据类型的小例子🌰[开放题]

1.Series一般由四个部分组成，分别是序列的值data、索引index、存储类型dtype、序列的名字name。其中，索引也可以指定它的名字，默认为空。

sdata = {'Ohio': 35000, 'Texas': 71000, 'Oregon': 16000, 'Utah': 5000}
example_1 = pd.Series(sdata)
example_1

Ohio      35000
Texas     71000
Oregon    16000
Utah       5000
dtype: int64

2.DataFrame在Series的基础上增加了列索引，一个数据框可以由二维的data与行列索引来构造。

data = {'state': ['Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Nevada', 'Nevada', 'Nevada'],
        'year': [2000, 2001, 2002, 2001, 2002, 2003],'pop': [1.5, 1.7, 3.6, 2.4, 2.9, 3.2]}
example_2 = pd.DataFrame(data)
example_2

	state	year	pop
0	Ohio	2000	1.5
1	Ohio	2001	1.7
2	Ohio	2002	3.6
3	Nevada	2001	2.4
4	Nevada	2002	2.9
5	Nevada	2003	3.2

1.4.2 任务二：载入"train.csv"文件

df = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
df.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

1.4.3 任务三：查看DataFrame数据的每列的名称

df.columns

Index(['PassengerId', 'Survived', 'Pclass', 'Name', 'Sex', 'Age', 'SibSp',
       'Parch', 'Ticket', 'Fare', 'Cabin', 'Embarked'],
      dtype='object')

1.4.4 任务四：查看"Cabin"这列的所有值

• 方法一：使用索引

df["Cabin"].head(3)

0    NaN
1    C85
2    NaN
Name: Cabin, dtype: object

• 方法二：调用属性

df.Cabin.head(3)

0    NaN
1    C85
2    NaN
Name: Cabin, dtype: object

1.4.5 任务五：加载文件"test_1.csv"，然后对比"train.csv"，看看有哪些多出的列，然后将多出的列删除

经过我们的观察发现一个测试集test_1.csv有一列是多余的，我们需要将这个多余的列删去

df = pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
df.head(3)

	Unnamed: 0	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked	a
0	0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S	100
1	1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C	100
2	2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S	100

方法一：使用del方法

#删除列名为a这一列
df = pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
del df['a']
df.head(3)

	Unnamed: 0	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

方法二：使用drop方法

df = pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
df1 = df.drop('a',axis=1)#删除不改表原始数据，可以通过重新赋值的方式赋值该数据
df1.head(3)

	Unnamed: 0	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

方法三：使用带inplace参数的drop方法

df = pd.read_csv('test_1.csv')
df.drop('a',axis=1,inplace=True) #改变原始数据
df.head(3)

	Unnamed: 0	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

1.4.6 任务六： 将[‘PassengerId’,‘Name’,‘Age’,‘Ticket’]这几个列元素隐藏，只观察其他几个列元素

df = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
df.drop(['PassengerId','Name','Age','Ticket'],axis=1).head(3)

	Survived	Pclass	Sex	SibSp	Parch	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	0	3	male	1	0	7.2500	NaN	S
1	1	1	female	1	0	71.2833	C85	C
2	1	3	female	0	0	7.9250	NaN	S

【思考】对比任务五和任务六，是不是使用了不一样的方法(函数)，如果使用一样的函数如何完成上面的不同的要求呢？

【思考回答】

如果想要完全的删除你的数据结构，使用inplace=True，因为使用inplace就将原数据覆盖了，所以这里没有用

1.5 筛选的逻辑

表格数据中，最重要的一个功能就是要具有可筛选的能力，选出我所需要的信息，丢弃无用的信息。

下面我们还是用实战来学习pandas这个功能。

1.5.1 任务一： 我们以"Age"为筛选条件，显示年龄在10岁以下的乘客信息。

df = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
df[df["Age"]<10].head(3)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
7	8	0	3	Palsson, Master. Gosta Leonard	male	2.0	3	1	349909	21.075	NaN	S
10	11	1	3	Sandstrom, Miss. Marguerite Rut	female	4.0	1	1	PP 9549	16.700	G6	S
16	17	0	3	Rice, Master. Eugene	male	2.0	4	1	382652	29.125	NaN	Q

1.5.2 任务二： 以"Age"为条件，将年龄在10岁以上和50岁以下的乘客信息显示出来，并将这个数据命名为midage

midage = df[(df["Age"]>10) & (df["Age"]<50)]
midage.head(8)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
8	9	1	3	Johnson, Mrs. Oscar W (Elisabeth Vilhelmina Berg)	female	27.0	0	2	347742	11.1333	NaN	S
9	10	1	2	Nasser, Mrs. Nicholas (Adele Achem)	female	14.0	1	0	237736	30.0708	NaN	C
12	13	0	3	Saundercock, Mr. William Henry	male	20.0	0	0	A/5. 2151	8.0500	NaN	S

【提示】了解pandas的条件筛选方式以及如何使用交集和并集操作

1.5.3 任务三：将midage的数据中第100行的"Pclass"和"Sex"的数据显示出来

$step1$重置索引保持相对位置不变，使用drop=True丢弃原来的index

midage = midage.reset_index(drop=True)
midage.head(8)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
5	9	1	3	Johnson, Mrs. Oscar W (Elisabeth Vilhelmina Berg)	female	27.0	0	2	347742	11.1333	NaN	S
6	10	1	2	Nasser, Mrs. Nicholas (Adele Achem)	female	14.0	1	0	237736	30.0708	NaN	C
7	13	0	3	Saundercock, Mr. William Henry	male	20.0	0	0	A/5. 2151	8.0500	NaN	S

$step2$使用loc方法抽取数据

midage.loc[[100], ["Pclass", "Sex"]]

	Pclass	Sex
100	2	male

【提示】在抽取数据中，我们希望数据的相对顺序保持不变，用什么函数可以达到这个效果呢？

1.5.4 任务四：使用loc方法将midage的数据中第100，105，108行的"Pclass"，"Name"和"Sex"的数据显示出来

midage.loc[[100,105,108], ["Pclass", "Name", "Sex"]]

	Pclass	Name	Sex
100	2	Byles, Rev. Thomas Roussel Davids	male
105	3	Cribb, Mr. John Hatfield	male
108	3	Calic, Mr. Jovo	male

1.5.5 任务五：使用iloc方法将midage的数据中第100，105，108行的"Pclass"，"Name"和"Sex"的数据显示出来

midage.iloc[[100, 105, 108], np.arange(2,5)]

	Pclass	Name	Sex
100	2	Byles, Rev. Thomas Roussel Davids	male
105	3	Cribb, Mr. John Hatfield	male
108	3	Calic, Mr. Jovo	male

【思考】对比iloc和loc的异同

答：loc是基于元素的索引器，iloc是基于位置的索引器。

【总结】本文主要介绍了pandas的基本数据类型以及其索引操作。