Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行

1.原文

2. 参考译文

3. New words and expressions

★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的

• exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；excited adj. 兴奋的
  -ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到
  The news was exciting.
  exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩I am excited.
• excite v. 激动 (这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……)The news excited me.
  interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的interesting man
  interest v. 对……感兴趣
  The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣

★receive v. 接受, 收到

• ① vt. 接到收到，得到
• ② vt. 招待，接待
  You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.
• receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。receive/have a letter from sb.
• accept 同意接收
  This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn’t accept it.
• take则是主动的“拿”、“取”
  I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.
• take 也可以作收到
  take the exam 接受考试； take advice 接受建议

★firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司

★different adj. 不同的

• ① adj. 不同的，相异的(经常与from连用)
  We are planning something different this year.
  我们今年有不同的打算。
  My room is different from yours.
• ② adj. 各种各样的，不同的
  This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
  He has visited many different places in China.

★abroad adv. 在国外(副词, 直接和动词连用)

• go abroad 去国外/live abroad 国外定居
  study abroad 国外学习

4. 课文讲解

• 1、I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
  同位语：一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
  This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。
  Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
• 2、He has been there for six months.
  one month；two months注意读音 将//省略
  I have arrived in Beijing. (arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用) has been + in 地点
  He has been in Beijing for one year.
• 3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
  work for 在……上班/任职，强调work
  I am working for a school.
  work in 强调地点(在哪个地方上班)　　
  I am working in the New Oriental school.
  work at 上班 She works at a department store.
  a number of后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常number前有great，large，good，small，certain等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。a great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of；
  A large/great number of our students are Danish.
  There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.
  a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
• 4、He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
  has gone to 去了某地没回来
  has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方
• 5、My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.
  before在句子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志
  find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形容词)，说明宾语的状况、性质等。
  find +宾语+形容词做宾补　　　
  find the room clean/find her happy
  be finding在口语中经常使用
  I’m finding… . . We’re finding… …
  下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire

5. Key structures

现在完成时

• 现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before (now)(以前)；it’s the first time(第一次)；so for(到目前为止)；so far this morning(到上午为止)；up to now(直到现在)；up to the present(直到目前)；just(刚刚)；recently(最近)；already(已经)；lately(最近)；now(现在)；for 一段时间；since+时间；still(还；仍)；at last(终于)；finally(最终)；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。
  I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.
  I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.
• 现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作，如often(经常)，frequently(屡次)，three times(三次)等。
  I’ve watched him on TV several times.