Lesson 49 The end of a dream 美梦告终

1.原文

2. 参考译文

3. New words and expressions

★tired adj. 厌烦的
be/get tired of sth./doing sth. 讨厌做某事
★real adj. 真正的 (强调东西不是假的)
true adj. 真挚, 真诚, 符合标准 (强调符合某个标准)real man 真人；true man 男子汉，好汉
★spring n. 弹簧n. 春天；泉水
fountain n. 人工喷泉
★mattress n. 床垫mat n. 垫子 (如杯垫)
cushion n. 座垫
★gust一阵(阵)风a gust of anger (一阵)无名火
Breeze n. 微风gale n. 大风，(突发的)一阵风(风力比gust强)wind n. 风的总称
★sweep (swept[swept],swept) ① vt. 扫，打扫
② vt. (风)吹；刮A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. sweep sth. away 把……刮走
blow v. 刮
★smash ① vt.&vi. 打碎，摔碎，(使)碎裂
The cup smashed on the floor.
smash sth. into pieces 把……摔成碎片
The bed was smashed to piece.
crash v. 受挤压而变碎
cut sth.into pieces 切碎,剪碎tear sth. into pieces 撕碎break v. 打碎crack v. 裂开不碎
② vt.&vi. 重击，殴打，猛砸/撞
Why didn’t you smash the man with your fist?
★courtyard n. 院子
court n. 院子，庭院；法庭 yard n. 院子
backyard n. 后院
★glance v. 扫视
glance at 扫了一眼(有意识地看)glare at 瞪着(生气) stare at 盯着gaze at 盯着(无限神往, 羡慕地看)
★promptly ＝at once, immediately adv. 迅速地

4. 课文讲解

1、Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
be tired of 对……感到厌倦，在这句话里省略了现在分词being，用形容词短语直接做原因状语，其作用相当于原因状语从句as he was tired of…。
I always go to bed hungry. (用形容词直接做状语)
I went home. I am tired. => I went home tired
save up 攒钱，储蓄
2、For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
for the first time in one’s life 平生第一次
3、Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
on to(onto) 类似与 in to(into)，用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置，不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“on”(上面)的概念。onto/on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：
Lift sth. on to the cart.
The pen is on the table. (不能用onto/on to)
Mr. Thompson is jumped onto the stage. 汤普森先生跳上了台上。Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage. 汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。
4、He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
for the first two nights 头两天晚上
for the last three nights 最后三天晚上
blow up <adv.> 风越刮越大(程度在加深)，(指暴风雨)出现并加剧；刮起speak up 大声点
5、A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.
gust表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”，既可单独使用，也可用a gust of wind形式：
A gust (of wind) blew my hat off.
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。
off = down/away from
below 直接放在被修饰词之后作定语
crashing into the courtyard below是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash (不及物动词)直接用主动形式，smash(及物动词)可用被动
一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用and或but连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。
6、The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
not…until表示“直到……才”，until前面没有not时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词(或瞬间动词)连用：
7、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
although 尽管；though 虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现 to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地
8、Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
glancing为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句after he glanced at…。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。
glance v. 看一眼，扫视
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me. 乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。
bits = pieces
lie (lay，lain) 不及物动词，后面一定要加“around”，不能说成“lay him”

5. letter writing

大多数书信都以“dear”开头，后接姓名，“dear”这个词一定要在信纸的左手边顶格。第二行如要退格是退5个字符, 现在西方都是顶格写。

6. Key structures

复合句的语序
复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。
1、用连词连接的复合句
① 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句(即起名词的作用)。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what(疑问词引导的除外)
② 从句可以是关系(或形容词)从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。
③ 从句可以是状语(或副词)从句，时间状语连词有when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；方式状语从句连词有as或短语in the way (that)等，方式状语从句在动词be，feel，seem，appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导；原因状语从句由because，as等引导；条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even though，even if等引导；目的状语从句可由so that，in order that等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such (a) +(形容词) + 名词 + that来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词 + as，not so/as … as，形容词/副词的比较级 +than，more…than，less…than等
2、分词结构的复合句
① 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
② 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态
Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念,)
3、不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.