pygame自学飞机大战

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 22:30:00 发布

一只小熊熊kk

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 22:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： python pygame alien_invasion 文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47214040/article/details/105632756

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pygame自学打飞机

由于兴趣学习去python，根据《python编程从入门到实践》自学，从做小游戏为突破口来学习python，小白学习做个分析，希望对和我一样的初学者有帮助。
在这里插入图片描述
alien_invasion.py

import pygame  #导入模块sys，pygame，pygame包含开发游戏所需要的功能，sys为推出模块
from pygame.sprite import Group
#从settings中导入Settings类
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():  #创建函数run_game()
	#初始化背景设置
	pygame.init()
	ai_settings=Settings()
	#调用pygame.display.set_mode()创建了宽1200高800的游戏窗口
	screen=pygame.display.set_mode(
	(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))  
	pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
	#创建Play键
	play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
	#创建一个储存游戏信息数据
	stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
	#创建积分板
	sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
	#创建飞船,创建子弹编组,创建外星人
	ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)
	bullets=Group()
	aliens=Group()
	#调用函数create_fleet()创建舰队
	gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
	'''开始游戏主循环'''
	while True:
		#监视键盘和鼠标事件
		gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,
		ship,aliens,bullets)
		if stats.game_active:
			#更新飞船位置,更新子弹位置,跟新外星人
			ship.update()
			gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)	
			gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
		#刷新屏幕
		gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,
		bullets,play_button)
				
run_game()

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):  #定义
		#初始化外星人并设定起始位置
		super(Alien,self).__init__()
		self.screen=screen
		self.ai_settings=ai_settings
		#加载外星人并设定rect属性
		self.image=pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
		self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
		#每个外星人最初都在左上角
		self.rect.x=self.rect.width
		self.rect.y=self.rect.height
		#存储外星人位置
		self.x=float(self.rect.x)
		
	def blitme(self):
		#绘制外星人
		self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
			
	def check_edges(self):
		''''''
		screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
		if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:
			return True
		elif self.rect.left<=0:
			return True	
			
	def update(self):
		#外星人移动
		self.x+=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
		self.rect.x=self.x

ship.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):  #创建Ship类
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
		#初始化飞船并设置初始化位置
		super(Ship,self).__init__()
		self.screen=screen
		self.ai_settings=ai_settings
		#加载飞船图像
		self.image=pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
		#get_rect()获取相应surface的属性rect
		self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
		#表示屏幕的矩形存储在self.screen_rect
		self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
		#将飞船放在屏幕中央底部
		#self.rect.centerx(飞船中心的x坐标)设为centerx
		self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
		#self.rect.bottom(飞船下边缘y坐标)设为bottom
		self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom
		#在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
		self.center=float(self.rect.centerx)
		#移动标志
		self.moving_right=False
		self.moving_left=False
		self.moving_up=False
		self.moving_down=False
		
	def update(self):
		#根据移动标志改变飞船位置,更新center值而不是rect
		'''为了不让飞船走出屏幕，限制飞船活动'''
		if self.moving_right and self.rect.right<self.screen_rect.right:
			self.center+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
		if self.moving_left and self.rect.left>0:
			self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
		if self.moving_up and self.rect.top>0:
			self.centery-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
		if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom<self.screen_rect.bottom:
			self.centery+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor	
		#根据self.center更新rect对象	
		self.rect.centerx=self.center	
		self.rect.centery=self.centery
		
	def center_ship(self):
		self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx
		self.centery=self.screen_rect.bottom
			
	#定义方法blitme（）	
	def blitme(self):
		#根据self.rect指定的位置放飞船
		self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

settings.py

class Settings():
	#存储游戏的所以设置的类
	def __init__(self):
		#初始化游戏屏幕设置
		self.screen_width=1200
		self.screen_height=600
		self.bg_color=(230,230,230)
		#飞船设置
		self.ship_speed_factor=0.3
		self.ship_limit=3
		#子弹设置
		self.bullet_speed_factor=1
		self.bullet_width=3
		self.bullet_height=15
		self.bullet_color=60,60,60
		self.bullets_allowed=3
		#外星人设置
		self.alien_speed_factor=0.1
		self.fleet_drop_speed=10
		self.speedup_scale=1.01
		self.score_scale=1.1
		self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
		
	def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
		self.ship_speed_factor=0.3
		self.bullet_speed_factor=1
		self.alien_speed_factor=0.1
		#1为右移 -1为左移
		self.fleet_direction=1	
		self.alien_points=50
		
	def increase_speed(self):
		self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
		self.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
		self.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale	
		self.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)

bullet.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):  #设class
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
		#在飞船位置创建子弹
		super(Bullet,self).__init__()
		self.screen=screen
		#在（0，0）创建子弹矩形，再赋予正确位置
		self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
		self.rect.centerx=ship.rect.centerx
		self.rect.top=ship.rect.top
		#用小数代表子弹位置
		self.y=float(self.rect.y)
		self.color=ai_settings.bullet_color
		self.speed_factor=ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
	def update(self):
		self.y-=self.speed_factor
		self.rect.y=self.y	
		
	def draw_bullet(self):
		#再屏幕绘制子弹
		pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

button.py

import pygame.font

class Button():
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
		self.screen=screen
		self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
		#设置按钮属性
		self.width,self.height=200,50
		self.button_color=(0,255,0)
		self.text_color=(255,255,255)
		self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
		#创建按钮的rect对象，并居中
		self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
		self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
		#按钮只创造一次
		self.prep_msg(msg)
		
	def prep_msg(self,msg):
		self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,
										True,
										self.text_color,self.button_color)
		self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
		self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
		
	def draw_button(self):
		self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
		self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

game_functions.py

import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
	#检测是否为右箭头键
	if event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
		#将moving_right设为True来实现连续移动
		ship.moving_right=True
	elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
		ship.moving_left=True
	elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:
		ship.moving_up=True
	elif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
		ship.moving_down=True		
	elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:
		fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
	elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
		sys.exit()	

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
	if event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
		ship.moving_right=False
	elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
	    ship.moving_left=False	
	elif event.key==pygame.K_UP:
		ship.moving_up=False
	elif event.key==pygame.K_DOWN:
		ship.moving_down=False	   
						
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
	if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:		
		#创建一颗子弹并加入bullets
		new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
		bullets.add(new_bullet)	
				
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
	#监视键盘和鼠标事件
	for event in pygame.event.get():
		if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
			sys.exit()
		#按下	
		elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
			check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
		#松开
		elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
			check_keyup_events(event,ship)		
		elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
			mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
			check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,
								aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
			
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,play_button,ship,aliens,
						bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
	button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
	if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
		#重置游戏设置
		ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
		#隐藏光标
		pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
		#重置游戏统计信息
		stats.reset_stats()
		stats.game_active=True
		#重置记分牌
		sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
		sb.prep_score()
		sb.prep_high_score()
		sb.prep_level()
		sb.prep_ships()
		#清空外星人子弹列表
		aliens.empty()
		bullets.empty()
		#创建一群新的外星人
		create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
		ship.center_ship()
		
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	#更新子弹位置
	bullets.update()
	#删除消失子弹
	for bullet in bullets.copy():
		if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:
			bullets.remove(bullet)
	check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,
									aliens,bullets)		

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
	collisions=pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
	if collisions:
		for aliens in collisions.values():
			stats.score+=ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)
			sb.prep_score
		check_high_score(stats,sb)	
	if len(aliens)==0:
		#删除现有子弹并新建外星人
		bullets.empty()
		ai_settings.increase_speed()
		#提高等级
		stats.level+=1
		sb.prep_level()
		
		create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
		
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
	#每次循环时重绘屏幕
	screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)	
	for bullet in bullets.sprites():
		bullet.draw_bullet()
	#绘制飞船
	ship.blitme()
	aliens.draw(screen)
	#显示得分
	sb.show_score()
	if not stats.game_active:
		play_button.draw_button()
	#让最近绘制的屏幕可见			
	pygame.display.flip()

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
	'''外星人宽度和数量'''
	available_space_x=ai_settings.screen_width-2*alien_width
	number_aliens_x=int(available_space_x/(2*alien_width))
	return number_aliens_x
	
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
	available_space_y=(ai_settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)
	number_rows=int(available_space_y/(3*alien_height))
	return number_rows
		
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
	'''创建新的外星人'''
	alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
	alien_width=alien.rect.width
	alien.x=alien_width+2*alien_width*alien_number
	alien.rect.x=alien.x
	alien.rect.y=alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_number
	aliens.add(alien)
			
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
	'''创建外星人群'''
	#显示
	alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
	number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
	number_rows=get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
	#创建多行外星人
	for row_number in range(number_rows):
		for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
			#创建新的外星人
			create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)

def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
	for alien in aliens.sprites():
		if alien.check_edges():
			change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
			break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
	for alien in aliens.sprites():
		alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed				
	ai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1	
				
def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	'''响应被外星人撞击飞船'''
	if stats.ships_left>0:
		stats.ships_left-=1
		#更新记分牌
		sb.prep_ships()
		#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
		aliens.empty()
		bullets.empty()
		#创建新的外星人
		create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
		ship.center_ship()
		#暂停
		sleep(0.5)
	else:
		stats.game_active=False
		pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)	
		
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	'''检测外星人是否到达低处'''
	screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
	for alien in aliens.sprites():
		if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
			ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
			break

def check_high_score(stats,sb):
	'''检测是否产生最高分'''
	if stats.score>stats.high_score:
		stats.high_score=stats.score
		sb.prep_high_score()
					
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	'''检查是否外星人到达边缘'''
	check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
	aliens.update()
	#检测外星人和飞船的碰撞
	if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
		ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
	check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

game_stats.py

class GameStats():
	'''跟踪游戏统计信息'''
	def __init__(self,ai_settings):
		#初始化统计信息
		self.ai_settings=ai_settings
		self.reset_stats()
		#生存情况
		self.game_active=False
		self.high_score=0
		
	def reset_stats(self):
		#初始化游戏中可能的变化了
		self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ship_limit	
		self.score=0
		self.level=1

scoreboard.py

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
		'''初始化信息的类'''
		self.screen=screen
		self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
		self.ai_settings=ai_settings
		self.stats=stats
		#得分显示字体
		self.text_color=(30,30,30)
		self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
		#初始得分图像
		self.prep_score()
		self.prep_high_score()
		self.prep_level()
		self.prep_ships()
		
	def prep_score(self):
		rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
		score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
		self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
		#得分放在屏幕右上角
		self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
		self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
		self.score_rect.top=20
		
	def prep_high_score(self):
		'''将最高分转换为渲染图像'''
		high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
		high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)
		self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
		#将最高分放在屏幕中间
		self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()
		self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
		self.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.top
	
	def prep_level(self):
		self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
		#等级放得分下面
		self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()
		self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.right
		self.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10
		
	def prep_ships(self):
		self.ships=Group()
		for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
			ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
			ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
			ship.rect.y=10
			self.ships.add(ship)
			
	def show_score(self):				
		self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)	
		self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
		self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
		#绘制飞船
		self.ships.draw(self.screen)