1 数据集介绍
数据来源于 kaggle 的 Digit Recognizer，分为 train.csv，test.csv，sample_submission.csv 三个文件。具体介绍及下载见 Digit Recognizer.
2 问题说明
- 复现CNN通用模型
- 应用模型于minist数据集
3 代码结构
主要应用上一次minist识别的代码，如下：
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import torch
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as f
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader,Dataset
dataNum = 0
correctNum = 0
testRoad = "./MNIST_dataset/test.csv"
trainRoad = "./MNIST_dataset/train.csv"
sampleRoad = "./MNIST_dataset/sample_submission.csv"
predictRoad = "./MNIST_dataset/sample_submission_predict.csv"
#读取数据文件，忽略第一行 skiprows=1，返回string列表
def read_csv(fileRoad):
return np.loadtxt(fileRoad, dtype=str, skiprows=1)
#unsqueeze(0)为了在卷积中给minist扩充为一个通道
class Mydata(Dataset):
def __init__(self, dir):
self.datas = read_csv(dir)
self.rootDir = dir
def __getitem__(self, index):
data = [float(i) for i in self.datas[index].split(',')]
if len(data)==785:
label = int(data[0])
sample = torch.tensor(data[1:]).reshape(28,28).unsqueeze(0)
return sample,label
elif len(data)==784:
sample = torch.tensor(data).reshape(28,28).unsqueeze(0)
return sample
def __len__(self):
return len(self.datas)
#定义网络结构
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
#定义网络
def forward(self,x):
#定义前向传播
#计算准确率
def count_accuracy(pred_y, label):
global dataNum, correctNum
for i in range(len(label)):
dataNum =dataNum +1
if pred_y[i] == label[i]:
correctNum = correctNum +1
#测试模型准确率
def test_existModle(myNet):
trainData = Mydata(trainRoad)
trainLoader = DataLoader(trainData, batch_size=150, shuffle=True)
for input,label in trainLoader:
output = myNet(input)
count_accuracy(torch.max(output, 1)[1].numpy(), label.numpy())
print('accuracy = %.3f%%' % (float(correctNum * 100) / dataNum))
#预测并存入CSV文件
def predict(myNet):
n = 0
batch_size = 200
try:
pd.read_csv(predictRoad, encoding='utf-8')
print("file sample_submission_predict.csv exist")
except:
sampleForm = pd.read_csv(sampleRoad, encoding='utf-8')
dataset =Mydata(testRoad)
testdata = DataLoader(dataset,batch_size=batch_size,shuffle=False)
print("start to predict sample_submission.csv and save...")
for datas in testdata:
output = myNet(datas)
results = torch.max(output, 1)[1]
for result in results:
sampleForm['Label'].loc[n] = result.item()
n = n + 1
sampleForm.to_csv(predictRoad, encoding='utf-8', index=False)
print("complete save sample_submission_predict.csv")
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
myNet = torch.load('MINIST_model.pkl')
print("MINIST_model exist and have been loaded")
print("testing accuracy...")
test_existModle(myNet)
predict(myNet)
except:
trainData = Mydata(trainRoad)
trainLoader = DataLoader(trainData,batch_size=150,shuffle=True)
myNet = Net()
epochList = []
lossList = []
count = 0
print("can't find MINIST_model, start training...")
for epoch in range(1,41):
correctNum = 0
dataNum = 0
lossNum = 0
for inputs,label in trainLoader:
predY = myNet.forward(inputs)
loss = myNet.loss_func(predY,label)
count_accuracy(torch.max(predY, 1)[1].numpy(),label.numpy())
lossNum = lossNum + loss.item()
myNet.optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
myNet.optimizer.step()
lossList.append(float(lossNum) / dataNum)
epochList.append(epoch-1)
accuracy = float(correctNum*100)/dataNum
print('epoch:%d | accuracy = %.3f%%' % (epoch, accuracy))
print("training complete")
if accuracy>=95:
torch.save(myNet, 'MINIST_model.pkl')
print("model saved")
else:
print("accuracy is too low,didn't saved this model")
plt.plot(epochList,lossList)
plt.xlabel("epoch")
plt.ylabel("loss")
plt.show()
仅需重新编写网络结构类，需要注意的是，由于卷积函数需要输入数据的通道数，从CSV文件中读取后的数据仅为二维，要用 unsqueeze() 这个函数对数据维度进行扩充。
torch.squeeze(input, dim=None, out=None)：去除那些维度大小为1的维度
torch.unbind(tensor, dim=0)：去除某个维度
torch.unsqueeze(input, dim, out=None)：在指定位置添加维度
4 LeNet-5 模型
- 模型介绍
LeNet网络图
- Input Layer：1 * 32 * 32图像
- Conv1 Layer：包含6个卷积核，kernal size：5 * 5，parameters:（ 5 * 5 + 1 ）* 6=156个
- Subsampling Layer：average pooling，size：2 * 2
Activation Function：sigmoid - Conv3 Layer：包含16个卷积核，kernal size：5 * 5 -> 16个Feature Map
- Subsampling Layer：average pooling，size：2 * 2
- Conv5 Layer：包含120个卷积核，kernal size：5 * 5
- Fully Connected Layer：Activation Function：sigmoid
- Output Layer：Gaussian connection
- 代码实现
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net,self).__init__()
self.network = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5, padding=2),
nn.AvgPool2d(2, 2),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5),
nn.AvgPool2d(2, 2),
nn.Flatten(),
nn.Dropout(0.1),
nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(120, 84),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Linear(84, 10)
)
self.optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(self.parameters(), lr=0.06)
self.loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
def forward(self,x):
return self.network(x)
经过测试发现若在某几层网络之间加入BN层和Dropout层，同时相应调整激活函数但保持原网络框架不变时，可以使神经网络准确率上升。
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net,self).__init__()
self.network = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5, padding=2),
nn.BatchNorm2d(6),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
nn.Flatten(),
nn.Dropout(0.1),
nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(120, 84),
nn.BatchNorm1d(84),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Linear(84, 10)
)
self.optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(self.parameters(), lr=0.06)
self.loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
def forward(self,x):
return self.network(x)
- 运行结果展示
LeNet loss
LeNet训练准确率
LeNet测试准确率
5 ResNet 模型
- 模型介绍
从经验来看，网络的深度对模型的性能至关重要，当增加网络层数后，网络可以进行更加复杂的特征模式的提取，所以当模型更深时理论上可以取得更好的结果，但是更深的网络其性能一定会更好吗？实验发现深度网络出现了退化问题网络深度增加时，网络准确度出现饱和，甚至出现下降。
为了解决深层网络中的退化问题，可以人为地让神经网络某些层跳过下一层神经元的连接，隔层相连，弱化每层之间的强联系。这种神经网络被称为 残差网络 (ResNets)。ResNet论文提出了 residual结构（残差结构）来减轻退化问题
ResNet网络结构图
残差学习单元
residual结构使用了一种shortcut的连接方式，也可理解为捷径。让特征矩阵隔层相加，注意F(X)和X形状要相同，所谓相加是特征矩阵相同位置上的数字进行相加。
不同深度的ResNet
conv3_x, conv4_x, conv5_x所对应的一系列残差结构的第一层残差结构都是虚线残差结构。因为这一系列残差结构的第一层都有调整输入特征矩阵shape的使命（将特征矩阵的高和宽缩减为原来的一半，将深度channel调整成下一层残差结构所需要的channel）
#定义残差网络块
class Basicblock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self,in_channels,out_channels,stride=1):
super(Basicblock, self).__init__()
self.network = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels,out_channels,kernel_size=3,padding=1,stride=stride),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1, stride=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
)
self.downsample = nn.Sequential()
if in_channels != out_channels:
self.downsample = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
)
def forward(self,x):
out = self.network(x)+self.downsample(x)
return out
#定义网络结构
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.cov_1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 16, kernel_size=5, padding=2),
nn.BatchNorm2d(16)
)
self.block1 = Basicblock(16, 16)
self.block2 = Basicblock(16, 32, 3)
self.block3 = Basicblock(32, 32)
self.block4 = Basicblock(32, 64, 3)
self.block5 = Basicblock(64, 64)
self.linear = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(4*4*64,10)
)
self.optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(self.parameters(), lr=0.08)
self.loss_func = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
def forward(self,x):
out = torch.sigmoid(self.cov_1(x))
out = f.relu(self.block1(out))
out = torch.sigmoid(self.block2(out))
out = f.relu(self.block3(out))
out = torch.sigmoid(self.block4(out))
out = f.relu(self.block5(out))
out = out.reshape(x.size(0),-1)
out = f.dropout(out, 0.1)
out = self.linear(out)
return out
- 运行结果展示
RseNet loss
RseNet训练准确率
RseNet测试准确率
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