目录
六、Seata之@GlobalTransactional验证
一、分布式事务问题由来
分布式前
- 单机单库没这个问题
- 从1:1 -> 1:N -> N:N
单体应用被拆分成微服务应用,原来的三个模块被拆分成三个独立的应用,分别使用三个独立的数据源,业务操作需要调用三个服务来完成。此时每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证, 但是全局的数据一致性问题没法保证。
一句话:一次业务操作需要跨多个数据源或需要跨多个系统进行远程调用,就会产生分布式事务问题。
二、Seata简介
1、是什么
Seata是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案,致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务
2、能干嘛
一个典型的分布式事务过程
分布式事务处理过程的一一ID+三组件模型:
- Transaction ID XID 全局唯一的事务ID
三组件概念
- TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者:维护全局和分支事务的状态,驱动全局事务提交或回滚。
- TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器:定义全局事务的范围:开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
- RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器:管理分支事务处理的资源,与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态,并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。
处理过程
- TM向TC申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的XID;
- XID在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播;
- RM向TC注册分支事务,将其纳入XID对应全局事务的管辖;
- TM向TC发起针对XID的全局提交或回滚决议;
- TC调度XID下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。
三、Seata-Server安装
1、去哪下
发布说明: https://github.com/seata/seata/releases
2、怎么玩
- 本地 @Transactional
- 全局 @GlobalTransactional
3、SEATA 的分布式交易解决方案
我们只需要使用一个 @GlobalTransactional
注解在业务方法上
4、Seata-Server安装
官网地址 - http://seata.io/zh-cn/
下载版本 - 0.9.0
seata-server-0.9.0.zip解压到指定目录并修改conf目录下的file.conf配置文件
先备份原始file.conf文件
主要修改:自定义事务组名称+事务日志存储模式为db +数据库连接信息
service模块
service {
##fsp_tx_group是自定义的
vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = "fsp_tx_group"
#only support single node
default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
#degrade current not support
enableDegrade = false
#disable
disable = false
#unit ms,s,m,h,d represents milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, default permanent
max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
}
store模块
## transaction log store
store {
## store mode: file、db
mode = "file"
## file store
file {
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
max-branch-session-size = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
max-global-session-size = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
file-write-buffer-cache-size = 16384
# when recover batch read size
session.reload.read_size = 100
# async, sync
flush-disk-mode = async
}
## database store
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
datasource = "dbcp"
## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
db-type = "mysql"
driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "12345"
min-conn = 1
max-conn = 3
global.table = "global_table"
branch.table = "branch_table"
lock-table = "lock_table"
query-limit = 100
}
}
mysql5.7数据库新建库seata,在seata库里建表
建表db_store.sql在\seata-server-0.9.0\seata\conf目录里面
修改seata-server-0.9.0\seata\conf目录下的registry.conf配置文件,改用为nacos
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
四、Seata业务数据库准备
这里我们会创建三个服务,一个订单服务,一个库存服务,一个账户服务。
当用户下单时,会在订单服务中创建一个订单, 然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额,最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成。
该操作跨越三个数据库,有两次远程调用,很明显会有分布式事务问题。
创建业务数据库
- seata_ order:存储订单的数据库;
- seata_ storage:存储库存的数据库;
- seata_ account:存储账户信息的数据库。
CREATE DATABASE seata_order;
CREATE DATABASE seata_storage;
CREATE DATABASE seata_account;
seata_order库下建t_order表
CREATE TABLE t_order (
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`product_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`count` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`money` DECIMAL(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
`status` INT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态: 0:创建中; 1:已完结'
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
seata_storage库下建t_storage表
CREATE TABLE t_storage (
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`product_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`total` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
`used` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
`residue` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存'
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO seata_storage.t_storage(`id`, `product_id`, `total`, `used`, `residue`)
VALUES ('1', '1', '100', '0','100');
seata_account库下建t_account表
CREATE TABLE t_account(
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT 'id',
`user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`total` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
`used` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用余额',
`residue` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '剩余可用额度'
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO seata_account.t_account(`id`, `user_id`, `total`, `used`, `residue`)
VALUES ('1', '1', '1000', '0', '1000');
按照上述3库分别建对应的回滚日志表
- 订单-库存-账户3个库下都需要建各自的回滚日志表
- \seata-server-0.9.0\seata\conf目录下的db_ undo_ log.sql
- 建表SQL
drop table `undo_log`;
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
`rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
`log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
`log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
`log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
`ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
五、Module配置搭建
1、Seata之Order-Module配置搭建
cloudalibaba-seata-order2001
1)pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloudalibaba-seata-order2001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- seata -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- springcloud alibaba nacos 依赖,Nacos Server 服务注册中心 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- open feign 服务调用 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- springboot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 持久层支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-connector-java-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 日常通用jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.activation-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2)application.yml
server:
port: 2001
spring:
application:
name: seata-order-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
# 自定义事务组,需要和当时在 seata/conf/file.conf 中的一致
tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_order
username: root
password: 12345
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
# 注意,这是自定义的,原来的是mapper_locations
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
将 seata/conf 下的 file.conf ,registry.conf 移到 rescources 目录下
3)订单类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Order
{
private Long id;
private Long userId;
private Long productId;
private Integer count;
private BigDecimal money;
/**
* 订单状态:0:创建中;1:已完结
*/
private Integer status;
}
4)Dao接口及实现
@Mapper
public interface OrderDao {
/**
* 创建订单
*/
void create(Order order);
/**
* 修改订单状态
*/
void update(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("status") Integer status);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.OrderDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.domain.Order">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="count" property="count" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="money" property="money" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="status" property="status" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
</resultMap>
<insert id="create">
INSERT INTO `t_order` (`id`, `user_id`, `product_id`, `count`, `money`, `status`)
VALUES (NULL, #{userId}, #{productId}, #{count}, #{money}, 0);
</insert>
<update id="update">
UPDATE `t_order`
SET status = 1
WHERE user_id = #{userId} AND status = #{status};
</update>
</mapper>
5)Service接口及实现
- OrderService
- OrderServiceImpl
- StorageService
- AccountService
public interface OrderService {
/**
* 创建订单
*/
void create(Order order);
}
@FeignClient(value = "seata-storage-service")
public interface StorageService {
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
@PostMapping(value = "/storage/decrease")
CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}
@FeignClient(value = "seata-account-service")
public interface AccountService {
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
@PostMapping("/account/decrease")
CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
}
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Resource
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Resource
private StorageService storageService;
@Resource
private AccountService accountService;
/**
* 创建订单->调用库存服务扣减库存->调用账户服务扣减账户余额->修改订单状态
* 简单说:
* 下订单->减库存->减余额->改状态
*/
@Override
public void create(Order order) {
log.info("------->下单开始");
//本应用创建订单
orderDao.create(order);
//远程调用库存服务扣减库存
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存开始");
storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(),order.getCount());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存结束");
//远程调用账户服务扣减余额
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额开始");
accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额结束");
//修改订单状态为已完成
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态开始");
orderDao.update(order.getUserId(),0);
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态结束");
log.info("------->下单结束");
}
}
6)controller类
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
/**
* 创建订单
*/
@GetMapping("/order/create")
public CommonResult create(Order order) {
orderService.create(order);
return new CommonResult(200, "订单创建成功!");
}
}
7)config类
@Configuration
@MapperScan("com.atguigu.springcloud.dao") //表明mybatis和dao层相关
public class MyBatisConfig {
}
/**
* 使用Seata对数据源进行代理
*/
@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
@Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
private String mapperLocations;
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
@Bean
public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
8)主启动类
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
//取消数据源的自动创建,而是使用自己定义的
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
public class SeataOrderMain2001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderMain2001.class,args);
}
}
2、Seata之Storage-Module配置搭建
1)pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloudalibaba-storage-service2002</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--feign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2)application.yml
server:
port: 2002
spring:
application:
name: seata-storage-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_storage
username: root
password: 12345
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
将 seata/conf 下的 file.conf ,registry.conf 移到 rescources 目录下
3)库存实体类
@Data
public class Storage {
private Long id;
/**
* 产品id
*/
private Long productId;
/**
* 总库存
*/
private Integer total;
/**
* 已用库存
*/
private Integer used;
/**
* 剩余库存
*/
private Integer residue;
}
4)Dao接口及实现
@Mapper
public interface StorageDao {
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
void decrease(@Param("productId") Long productId, @Param("count") Integer count);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.StorageDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.domain.Storage">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="total" property="total" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="used" property="used" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="residue" property="residue" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
</resultMap>
<update id="decrease">
UPDATE t_storage
SET used = used + #{count},
residue = residue - #{count}
WHERE product_id = #{productId}
</update>
</mapper>
5)Service接口及实现
public interface StorageService {
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
void decrease(Long productId, Integer count);
}
@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StorageServiceImpl.class);
@Resource
private StorageDao storageDao;
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
@Override
public void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {
LOGGER.info("------->storage-service中扣减库存开始");
storageDao.decrease(productId,count);
LOGGER.info("------->storage-service中扣减库存结束");
}
}
6)Controller类
@RestController
public class StorageController {
@Autowired
private StorageService storageService;
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
@RequestMapping("/storage/decrease")
public CommonResult decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {
storageService.decrease(productId, count);
return new CommonResult(200,"扣减库存成功!");
}
}
Config配置(与seata-order-service模块大致相同)
主启动(与seata-order-service模块大致相同)
3、Seata之Account-Module配置搭建
1)pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloudalibaba-account-service2003</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--feign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2)application.yml
server:
port: 2003
spring:
application:
name: seata-account-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_account
username: root
password: 12345
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
将 seata/conf 下的 file.conf ,registry.conf 移到 rescources 目录下
3)账号实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Account {
private Long id;
/**
* 用户id
*/
private Long userId;
/**
* 总额度
*/
private BigDecimal total;
/**
* 已用额度
*/
private BigDecimal used;
/**
* 剩余额度
*/
private BigDecimal residue;
}
4)Dao接口及实现
@Mapper
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
void decrease(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("money") BigDecimal money);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.AccountDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.domain.Account">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="total" property="total" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="used" property="used" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="residue" property="residue" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
</resultMap>
<update id="decrease">
UPDATE t_account
SET
residue = residue - #{money},used = used + #{money}
WHERE
user_id = #{userId};
</update>
</mapper>
5)Service接口及实现
public interface AccountService {
/**
* 扣减账户余额
* @param userId 用户id
* @param money 金额
*/
void decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
}
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountServiceImpl.class);
@Resource
AccountDao accountDao;
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
LOGGER.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额开始");
accountDao.decrease(userId,money);
LOGGER.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额结束");
}
}
6)Controller类
@RestController
public class AccountController {
@Resource
AccountService accountService;
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
@RequestMapping("/account/decrease")
public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money){
accountService.decrease(userId,money);
return new CommonResult(200,"扣减账户余额成功!");
}
}
Config配置(与seata-order-service模块相同)
主启动(与seata-order-service模块相同)
六、Seata之@GlobalTransactional验证
1、正常情况演示
下订单 -> 减库存 -> 扣余额 -> 改(订单)状态
启动nacos,seata,及三个微服务
数据库初始情况:
库存表:
订单表:
账户表:
正常下单
http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
数据库正常下单后状况:
库存表:
订单表:
账户表:
2、超时异常,没加@GlobalTransactional
AccountServiceImpl添加超时
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountServiceImpl.class);
@Resource
AccountDao accountDao;
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
LOGGER.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额开始");
//模拟超时异常,全局事务回滚
//暂停几秒钟线程
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
accountDao.decrease(userId,money);
LOGGER.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额结束");
}
}
OpenFeign的调用默认时间是1s以内,所以最后会抛异常。
数据库情况:
账户表:
订单表:
库存表:
故障情况
-
当库存和账户金额扣减后,订单状态并没有设置为已经完成,没有从零改为1
-
而且由于feign的重试机制,账户余额还有可能被多次扣减
3、超时异常,加了@GlobalTransactional
用@GlobalTransactional标注OrderServiceImpl的create()方法。
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Resource
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Resource
private StorageService storageService;
@Resource
private AccountService accountService;
/**
* 创建订单->调用库存服务扣减库存->调用账户服务扣减账户余额->修改订单状态
* 简单说:
* 下订单->减库存->减余额->改状态
*/
@Override
@GlobalTransactional(name = "fsp-create-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void create(Order order) {
log.info("------->下单开始");
//本应用创建订单
orderDao.create(order);
//远程调用库存服务扣减库存
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存开始");
storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(),order.getCount());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存结束");
//远程调用账户服务扣减余额
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额开始");
accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额结束");
//修改订单状态为已完成
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态开始");
orderDao.update(order.getUserId(),0);
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态结束");
log.info("------->下单结束");
}
}
还是模拟AccountServiceImpl添加超时,下单后数据库数据并没有任何改变,记录都添加不进来,达到出异常,数据库回滚的效果。
七、Seata之原理简介
2019年1月份蚂蚁金服和阿里巴巴共同开源的分布式事务解决方案。
Simple Extensible Autonomous Transaction Architecture,简单可扩展自治事务框架。
2020起始,用1.0以后的版本。Alina Gingertail
- TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者
- TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器
- RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器
分布式事务的执行流程
- TM开启分布式事务(TM向TC注册全局事务记录) ;
- 按业务场景,编排数据库、服务等事务内资源(RM向TC汇报资源准备状态) ;
- TM结束分布式事务,事务一阶段结束(TM通知TC提交/回滚分布式事务) ;
- TC汇总事务信息,决定分布式事务是提交还是回滚;
- TC通知所有RM提交/回滚资源,事务二阶段结束。
AT模式如何做到对业务的无侵入
是什么
前提
- 基于支持本地 ACID 事务的关系型数据库。
- Java 应用,通过 JDBC 访问数据库。
整体机制
两阶段提交协议的演变:
- 一阶段:业务数据和回滚日志记录在同一个本地事务中提交,释放本地锁和连接资源。
- 二阶段:
- 提交异步化,非常快速地完成。
- 回滚通过一阶段的回滚日志进行反向补偿。
一阶段加载
在一阶段,Seata会拦截“业务SQL”
- 解析SQL语义,找到“业务SQL" 要更新的业务数据,在业务数据被更新前,将其保存成"before image”
- 执行“业务SQL" 更新业务数据,在业务数据更新之后,
- 其保存成"after image”,最后生成行锁。
以上操作全部在一个数据库事务内完成, 这样保证了一阶段操作的原子性。
二阶段提交
二阶段如果顺利提交的话,因为"业务SQL"在一阶段已经提交至数据库,所以Seata框架只需将一阶段保存的快照数据和行锁删掉,完成数据清理即可。
二阶段回滚
二阶段如果是回滚的话,Seata 就需要回滚一阶段已经执行的 “业务SQL",还原业务数据。
回滚方式便是用"before image"还原业务数据;但在还原前要首先要校验脏写,对比“数据库当前业务数据”和"after image"。
如果两份数据完全一致就说明没有脏写, 可以还原业务数据,如果不一致就说明有脏写, 出现脏写就需要转人工处理。
补充