次表面散射

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技术博客：https://github.com/Li-ZhuoHang/Subsurface_scattering)

基于屏幕空间模糊的次表面散射(SSSSS)：

效果展示：

原模型：

开启镜面表面反射

float PHBeckmann ( float ndoth, float m )
{
    float alpha = acos ( ndoth );
    float ta = tan ( alpha );
    float val = 1.0/ (m*m*pow (ndoth,4.0))*exp (- (ta*ta)/ (m*m));
    return val;
}
//染一个与屏幕对齐的方框来对一个512X512的纹理进行预计算
float KSTextureCompute(float2 tex :TEXCOORDO)
{
    //缩放结果到[0,1]范围——用于倒置查找
    return 0.5 * pow( PHBeckmann( tex.x, tex.y ),0.1 );
}
​
//使用预计算的Beckmann纹理得到 Kelemen/Szirmay-Kalos镜面模型                    
float KS Skin Specular( float3 N,1/凸起的表面法线
                        loat3 L,//点到光线的方向
                        float3 V,//点到视点的方向
                        float m,//粗糙度
    ·                   float rho s,//镜面光亮度
                        uniform texobj2D beckmannTex )
float result =  0.0;
loat ndotl = dot( N,L );
if( ndotl >0.0 )
{
    float3 h = L+V;//未归一化的半角向量
    float3 H = normalize( h );
    float ndoth = dot( N,H);
    float PH = pow(2.0*f1tex2D (beckmannTex, loat2 (ndoth,m) ),10.0 ) ;
    float F = fresnelReflectance( H,V,0.028 );
    float frSpec = max( PH*F/ dot( h, h)，0);
    result= ndotl *rho s*frSpec;//
}
    return result;
}

提取皮肤遮罩

这里为了简单方便，直接采用Command Buffer提取需要次表面散射的对象Mask遮罩。注意这里用了一个纯色Shader处理

C# 代码：

// 纯色Shader
Shader purecolorShader = Shader.Find("lcl/Common/PureColor");
// Shader purecolorShader = Shader.Find("lcl/Common/VertexColor");
​
if (purecolorMaterial == null)
    purecolorMaterial = new Material(purecolorShader);
​
if (maskTexture == null)
    maskTexture = RenderTexture.GetTemporary(Screen.width, Screen.height, 16, RenderTextureFormat.ARGB32, RenderTextureReadWrite.Default, 4);
​
commandBuffer = new CommandBuffer();
commandBuffer.SetRenderTarget(maskTexture);
commandBuffer.ClearRenderTarget(true, true, Color.black);
for (var i = 0; i < targetObjects.Length; i++)
{
    Renderer[] renderers = targetObjects[i].GetComponentsInChildren<Renderer>();
    foreach (Renderer r in renderers)
        commandBuffer.DrawRenderer(r, purecolorMaterial);
}

开启高斯模糊后处理：

开启透视

关闭透视

再开启Subsurface albedo

//动态Transmission
//L光照方向  N是法线 E是摄像机方向 atten是光照衰减
float3 TransmissionDynamic(float3 color, float3 L, float3 N, float3 E, float NdotL, fixed atten)
{
    color = 1.0 - exp(-color);
    half blV = saturate (dot(-E, (L + N))) * 2;
    half bnL = saturate (dot(N, -L ) * TransmissionRange + TransmissionRange);
    //bnL = bnL * (NdotL/* * 0.5 + 0.5*/);
    
    half3 light = bnL + blV;
    half3 Subsurface = color * light * 10;
    Subsurface /= 1.0 -  color;
    Subsurface = 1.0 - exp(-Subsurface);
    Subsurface = Subsurface * light * lerp(1.0, atten, TransmissionShadows) * 10 * color * DynamicPassTransmission;
​
    return Subsurface;
}

具体的公式可以参考这篇文章：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/482875191

次表面散射的其它方案：

快速次表面：