人工智能-作业2：例题程序复现

目录

反向传播:

正向传播:

运行结果:

完整代码:

 参考:

输入值：x1, x2 = 0.5，0.3

输出值：y1, y2 =0.23， -0.07

激活函数：sigmoid

损失函数：MSE

初始权值：0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.8

目标：通过反向传播优化权值

如图所示:

反向传播:

 

​
def back_propagate(out_o1, out_o2, out_h1, out_h2):
    # 反向传播
    d_o1 = out_o1 - y1
    d_o2 = out_o2 - y2
    # print(round(d_o1, 2), round(d_o2, 2))

    d_w5 = d_o1 * out_o1 * (1 - out_o1) * out_h1
    d_w7 = d_o1 * out_o1 * (1 - out_o1) * out_h2
    # print(round(d_w5, 2), round(d_w7, 2))
    d_w6 = d_o2 * out_o2 * (1 - out_o2) * out_h1
    d_w8 = d_o2 * out_o2 * (1 - out_o2) * out_h2
    # print(round(d_w6, 2), round(d_w8, 2))

    d_w1 = (d_w5 + d_w6) * out_h1 * (1 - out_h1) * x1
    d_w3 = (d_w5 + d_w6) * out_h1 * (1 - out_h1) * x2
    # print(round(d_w1, 2), round(d_w3, 2))

    d_w2 = (d_w7 + d_w8) * out_h2 * (1 - out_h2) * x1
    d_w4 = (d_w7 + d_w8) * out_h2 * (1 - out_h2) * x2
    # print(round(d_w2, 2), round(d_w4, 2))
    print("反向传播：误差传给每个权值")
    print(round(d_w1, 5), round(d_w2, 5), round(d_w3, 5), round(d_w4, 5), round(d_w5, 5), round(d_w6, 5),
          round(d_w7, 5), round(d_w8, 5))

    return d_w1, d_w2, d_w3, d_w4, d_w5, d_w6, d_w7, d_w8

正向传播:

def forward_propagate(x1, x2, y1, y2, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8):
    in_h1 = w1 * x1 + w3 * x2
    out_h1 = sigmoid(in_h1)
    in_h2 = w2 * x1 + w4 * x2
    out_h2 = sigmoid(in_h2)

    in_o1 = w5 * out_h1 + w7 * out_h2
    out_o1 = sigmoid(in_o1)
    in_o2 = w6 * out_h1 + w8 * out_h2
    out_o2 = sigmoid(in_o2)

    print("正向计算：o1 ,o2")
    print(round(out_o1, 5), round(out_o2, 5))

    error = (1 / 2) * (out_o1 - y1) ** 2 + (1 / 2) * (out_o2 - y2) ** 2

    print("损失函数：均方误差")
    print(round(error, 5))

    return out_o1, out_o2, out_h1, out_h2

每轮的运算就是不断地改正权重w的值

运行结果:

尝试五轮

=====输入值：x1, x2；真实输出值：y1, y2=====
0.5 0.3 0.23 -0.07
=====更新前的权值=====
0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.8
=====第0轮=====
正向计算：o1 ,o2
0.47695 0.5287
损失函数：均方误差
0.20971
反向传播：误差传给每个权值
0.01458 0.01304 0.00875 0.00782 0.03463 0.08387 0.03049 0.07384
=====第1轮=====
正向计算：o1 ,o2
0.43556 0.42626
损失函数：均方误差
0.14427
反向传播：误差传给每个权值
0.0117 0.01039 0.00702 0.00623 0.02779 0.06674 0.02446 0.05873
=====第2轮=====
正向计算：o1 ,o2
0.40429 0.35169
损失函数：均方误差
0.1041
反向传播：误差传给每个权值
0.00926 0.00818 0.00556 0.00491 0.02267 0.05193 0.01994 0.04568
=====第3轮=====
正向计算：o1 ,o2
0.38013 0.29988
损失函数：均方误差
0.07968
反向传播：误差传给每个权值
0.00749 0.00659 0.00449 0.00395 0.01883 0.04133 0.01656 0.03636
=====第4轮=====
正向计算：o1 ,o2
0.36101 0.26298
损失函数：均方误差
0.06402
反向传播：误差传给每个权值
0.00621 0.00545 0.00373 0.00327 0.01589 0.03394 0.01398 0.02986
=====第5轮=====
正向计算：o1 ,o2
0.34555 0.2356
损失函数：均方误差
0.05337
反向传播：误差传给每个权值
0.00527 0.00461 0.00316 0.00277 0.0136 0.02865 0.01197 0.02521

完整代码:

import numpy as np


def sigmoid(z):
    a = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-z))
    return a


def forward_propagate(x1, x2, y1, y2, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8):
    in_h1 = w1 * x1 + w3 * x2
    out_h1 = sigmoid(in_h1)
    in_h2 = w2 * x1 + w4 * x2
    out_h2 = sigmoid(in_h2)

    in_o1 = w5 * out_h1 + w7 * out_h2
    out_o1 = sigmoid(in_o1)
    in_o2 = w6 * out_h1 + w8 * out_h2
    out_o2 = sigmoid(in_o2)

    print("正向计算：o1 ,o2")
    print(round(out_o1, 5), round(out_o2, 5))

    error = (1 / 2) * (out_o1 - y1) ** 2 + (1 / 2) * (out_o2 - y2) ** 2

    print("损失函数：均方误差")
    print(round(error, 5))

    return out_o1, out_o2, out_h1, out_h2


def back_propagate(out_o1, out_o2, out_h1, out_h2):
    # 反向传播
    d_o1 = out_o1 - y1
    d_o2 = out_o2 - y2
    # print(round(d_o1, 2), round(d_o2, 2))

    d_w5 = d_o1 * out_o1 * (1 - out_o1) * out_h1
    d_w7 = d_o1 * out_o1 * (1 - out_o1) * out_h2
    # print(round(d_w5, 2), round(d_w7, 2))
    d_w6 = d_o2 * out_o2 * (1 - out_o2) * out_h1
    d_w8 = d_o2 * out_o2 * (1 - out_o2) * out_h2
    # print(round(d_w6, 2), round(d_w8, 2))

    d_w1 = (d_w5 + d_w6) * out_h1 * (1 - out_h1) * x1
    d_w3 = (d_w5 + d_w6) * out_h1 * (1 - out_h1) * x2
    # print(round(d_w1, 2), round(d_w3, 2))

    d_w2 = (d_w7 + d_w8) * out_h2 * (1 - out_h2) * x1
    d_w4 = (d_w7 + d_w8) * out_h2 * (1 - out_h2) * x2
    # print(round(d_w2, 2), round(d_w4, 2))
    print("反向传播：误差传给每个权值")
    print(round(d_w1, 5), round(d_w2, 5), round(d_w3, 5), round(d_w4, 5), round(d_w5, 5), round(d_w6, 5),
          round(d_w7, 5), round(d_w8, 5))

    return d_w1, d_w2, d_w3, d_w4, d_w5, d_w6, d_w7, d_w8


def update_w(w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8):
    # 步长
    step = 5
    w1 = w1 - step * d_w1
    w2 = w2 - step * d_w2
    w3 = w3 - step * d_w3
    w4 = w4 - step * d_w4
    w5 = w5 - step * d_w5
    w6 = w6 - step * d_w6
    w7 = w7 - step * d_w7
    w8 = w8 - step * d_w8
    return w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8


if __name__ == "__main__":
    w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8 = 0.2, -0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.1, -0.5, -0.3, 0.8
    x1, x2 = 0.5, 0.3
    y1, y2 = 0.23, -0.07
    print("=====输入值：x1, x2；真实输出值：y1, y2=====")
    print(x1, x2, y1, y2)
    print("=====更新前的权值=====")
    print(round(w1, 2), round(w2, 2), round(w3, 2), round(w4, 2), round(w5, 2), round(w6, 2), round(w7, 2),
          round(w8, 2))

    for i in range(1000):
        print("=====第" + str(i) + "轮=====")
        out_o1, out_o2, out_h1, out_h2 = forward_propagate(x1, x2, y1, y2, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8)
        d_w1, d_w2, d_w3, d_w4, d_w5, d_w6, d_w7, d_w8 = back_propagate(out_o1, out_o2, out_h1, out_h2)
        w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8 = update_w(w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8)

    print("更新后的权值")
    print(round(w1, 2), round(w2, 2), round(w3, 2), round(w4, 2), round(w5, 2), round(w6, 2), round(w7, 2),
          round(w8, 2))

 参考:

【2021-2022 春学期】人工智能-作业2：例题程序复现_HBU_David的博客-CSDN博客

【人工智能导论：模型与算法】MOOC 8.3 误差后向传播(BP) 例题 编程验证 - HBU_DAVID - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

人工智能：模型与算法_浙江大学_中国大学MOOC(慕课) (icourse163.org)