目录
1、图像卷积
1.1 图像卷积原理
1.2 图像卷积函数
//图像卷积
int test1()
{
//待卷积矩阵
uchar points[25] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25 };
Mat img(5, 5, CV_8UC1, points);
//卷积模板
Mat kernel = (Mat_<float>(3, 3) << 1, 2, 1,
2, 0, 2,
1, 2, 1);
Mat kernel_norm = kernel / 12;//卷积模板归一化
//未归一化卷积结果和归一化卷积结果
Mat result, result_norm;
filter2D(img, result, CV_32F, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 2, BORDER_CONSTANT);
filter2D(img, result_norm, CV_32F, kernel_norm, Point(-1, -1), 2, BORDER_CONSTANT);
cout << "result" << endl << result << endl;
cout << "result_norm" << endl << result_norm << endl;
//图像卷积
Mat lena = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
if (lena.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat lena_fillter;
filter2D(lena, lena_fillter, -1, kernel_norm, Point(-1, -1), 2, BORDER_CONSTANT);
imshow("lena_fillter", lena_fillter);
imshow("lena", lena);
waitKey(0);
}1.3 卷积效果
对图像进行模糊处理，去除噪声
2、图像噪声的产生
2.1 图像噪声介绍
2.2 椒盐噪声的产生
2.3 高斯噪声的产生
//图像噪声的产生
//椒盐噪声
void saltAndPepper(cv::Mat image, int n)
{
for (int k = 0; k<n / 2; k++)
{
//随机确定图像中位置
int i,j;
i = cvflann::rand_int()% image.cols;//取余数运算，保证在图像的列数内
j = cvflann::rand_int() % image.rows;//取余数运算，保证在图像的行数内
int write_black = std::rand () % 2;//判定为白色噪声还是黑色噪声的变量
if (write_black == 0)//添加白色噪声
{
if (image.type() == CV_8UC1)//处理灰度图像
{
image.at<uchar>(j, i) = 255;//白色噪声
}
else if (image.type() == CV_8UC3) //处理彩色图像
{
image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[0] = 255;//cv::Vec3b为opencv定义的一个3个值的向量类型
image.at<cv:: Vec3b>(j,i)[1] = 255;//0]指定通道，B:0，G:1，R:2
image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[2] = 255;
}
}
else //添加黑色噪声
{
if (image.type() == CV_8UC1)
{
image.at<uchar>(j, i) = 0;
}
else if (image.type() == CV_8UC3)
{
image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[0] = 0; //cv::Vec3b为opencv定义的一个3个值的向量类型
image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[1] = 0;//[]指定通道，B:0，G:1，R:2
image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[2] = 0;
}
}
}
}
int test2()
{
Mat lena = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
Mat equalLena = imread("F:/testMap/grayLena.png",IMREAD_ANYDEPTH);
if (lena.empty() || equalLena.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat lena_G,equalLena_G;
lena.copyTo(lena_G);
equalLena.copyTo(equalLena_G);
imshow("lena原图", lena);
imshow("equalLena原图", equalLena) ;
saltAndPepper(lena, 10000);//彩色图像添加椒盐噪声
saltAndPepper(equalLena,10000);//灰度图像添加椒盐噪声
imshow("lena添加噪声", lena);
imshow("equalLena添加噪声",equalLena);
//高斯噪声
cout << "下面是高斯噪声" << endl;
waitKey(0);
Mat lena_noise = Mat::zeros(lena.rows,lena.cols,lena.type());
Mat equalLena_noise = Mat::zeros(equalLena.rows,equalLena.cols, equalLena.type());
imshow("lena原图", lena_G);
imshow("equalLena原图", equalLena_G);
RNG rng;//创建一个RNG类
rng.fill(lena_noise, RNG::NORMAL, 10, 20);//生成三通道的高斯分布随机数
rng.fill(equalLena_noise,RNG::NORMAL,15,30);//生成三通道的高斯分布随机数
imshow("三通道高斯噪声", lena_noise);
imshow("单通道高斯噪声", equalLena_noise);
lena_G = lena_G + lena_noise;//在彩色图像中添加高斯噪声
equalLena_G = equalLena_G + equalLena_noise;//在灰度图像中添加高斯噪声
//显示添加高斯噪声后的图像
imshow("lena添加噪声",lena_G);
imshow("equalLena添加噪声", equalLena_G);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}3、滤波
3.1 线性滤波
线性滤波对高斯噪声的处理很理想，但是对椒盐噪声效果不好
3.1.1 均值滤波
强制归一化，滤波尺寸越大，对图像质量影响越大，滤波效果越好，图像越模糊
3.1.2 方框滤波
可以不进行归一化，但是容易超过255，显示为白色
3.1.3 高斯滤波
适用于滤除高斯噪声，效果好
3.1.4 线性滤波代码实现
//线性滤波
int test3()
{
Mat equalLena = imread("F:/testMap/grayLena.png", IMREAD_ANYDEPTH);
Mat equalLena_gauss = imread("F:/testMap/equalLena_gauss.png", IMREAD_ANYDEPTH);
Mat equalLena_salt = imread("F:/testMap/equalLena_salt.png", IMREAD_ANYDEPTH);
if (equalLena.empty() || equalLena_gauss.empty() || equalLena_salt.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat result_3, result_9; //存放不含噪声滤波结果，后面数字代表滤波器尺寸
Mat result_3gauss, result_9gauss;//存放含有高斯噪声滤波结果，后面数字代表滤波器尺寸
Mat result_3salt, result_9salt;//存放含有椒盐噪声滤波结果，后面数字代表滤波器尺寸
//调用均值滤波函数blur()进行滤波
blur(equalLena, result_3, Size(3, 3));
blur(equalLena, result_9, Size(9, 9));
blur(equalLena_gauss, result_3gauss, Size(3, 3));
blur(equalLena_gauss, result_9gauss, Size(9, 9));
blur(equalLena_salt, result_3salt, Size(3, 3));
blur(equalLena_salt, result_9salt, Size(9, 9));
//显示不含噪声图像
imshow("equalLena ", equalLena);
imshow("result_3", result_3);
imshow("result_9", result_9);//显示含有高斯噪声图像
imshow("equalLena_gauss", equalLena_gauss);
imshow("result_3gauss", result_3gauss);
imshow("result_9gauss", result_9gauss);//显示含有椒盐噪声图像
imshow("equalLena_salt", equalLena_salt);
imshow("result_3salt", result_3salt);
imshow(" result_9salt", result_9salt);
cout << "接下来是方框滤波" << endl;
waitKey(0);
Mat resultNorm, result;
//方框滤波boxFilter()和sqrBoxFilterO
boxFilter(equalLena, resultNorm, -1, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1), true);//进行归一化
boxFilter(equalLena, result, -1, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1), false);//不进行归一化
//显示处理结果
imshow("resultNorm", resultNorm);
imshow("result", result);
cout << "接下来是高斯滤波" << endl;
waitKey(0);
Mat result_5_G, result_9_G;//存放不含噪声滤波结果，后面数字代表滤波器尺寸
Mat result_5gauss_G, result_9gauss_G;//存放含有高斯噪声滤波结果，后面数字代表滤波器尺寸
Mat result_5salt_G, result_9salt_G;//存放含有椒盐噪声滤波结果，后面数字代表滤波器尺寸
//调用高斯滤波函数GaussianBlur()进行滤波
GaussianBlur(equalLena, result_5_G, Size(5, 5), 10, 20);
GaussianBlur(equalLena, result_9_G, Size(9, 9), 10, 20);
GaussianBlur(equalLena_gauss, result_5gauss_G, Size(5, 5), 10, 20);
GaussianBlur(equalLena_gauss, result_9gauss_G, Size(9, 9), 10, 20);
GaussianBlur(equalLena_salt, result_5salt_G, Size(5, 5), 10, 20);
GaussianBlur(equalLena_salt, result_9salt_G, Size(9, 9), 10, 20);//显示不含噪声图像
imshow("equalLena ", equalLena);
imshow("result_5", result_5_G);
imshow("result_9", result_9_G);
//显示含有高斯噪声图像
imshow("equalLena_gauss", equalLena_gauss);
imshow("result_5gauss", result_5gauss_G);
imshow("result_9gauss", result_9gauss_G);
//显示含有椒盐噪声图像
imshow("equalLena_salt", equalLena_salt);
imshow("result_5salt ", result_5salt_G);
imshow("result_9salt", result_9salt_G);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}3.2 非线性滤波--中值滤波
适用于滤除椒盐噪声，效果好
//中值滤波
int test4()
{
Mat img = imread("F:/testMap/grayLena.png",IMREAD_ANYCOLOR);
Mat gray = imread("F:/testMap/equalLena_salt.png",IMREAD_ANYCOLOR);
Mat gray_g = imread("F:/testMap/equalLena_gauss.png",IMREAD_ANYCOLOR);
Mat imgResult3,imgResult9,grayResult3,grayResult9,gray_gResult3, gray_gResult9;
medianBlur(img,imgResult3,3);
medianBlur(gray, grayResult3, 3);
medianBlur(gray_g,gray_gResult3,3);
medianBlur(img,imgResult9,9);
medianBlur(gray,grayResult9,9);
medianBlur(gray_g,gray_gResult9,9);
imshow("imgResult3", imgResult3);
imshow(" grayResult3", grayResult3);
imshow("gray_gResult3", gray_gResult3);
imshow("imgResult9",imgResult9) ;
imshow("grayResult9", grayResult9);
imshow("gray_gResult9", gray_gResult9);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}3.3 可分离滤波
//可分离滤波
int test5()
{
//Mat img = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
float points[25] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25 };
Mat data(5, 5, CV_32FC1, points);
//X方向、Y方向和联合滤波器的构建
Mat a = (Mat_<float>(3, 1) << -1, 3, -1);
Mat b = a.reshape(1, 1);
Mat ab = a*b;
//验证高斯滤波的可分离性
Mat gaussX = getGaussianKernel(3, 1);
Mat gaussData, gaussDataXY;
GaussianBlur(data, gaussData, Size(3, 3), 1, 1, BORDER_CONSTANT);
sepFilter2D(data, gaussDataXY, -1, gaussX, gaussX, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
//输出两种高斯滤波的计算结果
cout << "gaussData=" << endl
<< gaussData << endl;
cout << "gaussDataXY=" << endl
<< gaussDataXY << endl;
//线性滤波的可分离性
Mat dataYx, dataY, dataXY, dataXY_sep;
filter2D(data, dataY, -1, a, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
filter2D(dataY, dataXY, -1, b, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
filter2D(data, dataXY, -1, ab, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
sepFilter2D(data, dataXY_sep, -1, b, b, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
//输出分离滤波和联合滤波的计算结果
cout << "dataY=" << endl
<< dataY << endl;
cout << "dataYX=" << endl
<< dataXY << endl;
cout << "dataXY=" << endl
<< dataXY << endl;
cout << "dataXY_sep=" << endl
<< dataXY_sep << endl;
//对图像的分离操作
Mat img = imread("F:/testMap/lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat imgYX, imgY, imgXY;
filter2D(img, imgY, -1, a, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
filter2D(imgY, imgYX, -1, b, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
filter2D(img, imgXY, -1, ab, Point(-1, -1), 0, BORDER_CONSTANT);
imshow("img", img);
imshow("imgY", imgY);
imshow("imgYX", imgYX);
imshow("imgXY", imgXY);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
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